Table 3. Mean values ± SD of physical outcomes before (T₀) and at the end (T₁) of the intervention in participants and control patients with corresponding R² and p values.

Outcome		T0 (mean ± SD)	T1 (mean ± SD)	Δ	R2	p
BMI (kg/m2)	I	33.8 ± 5.1	30.1 ± 3.8	-3.7*	0.69	<0.01
	TAU	33.3 ± 2.8	31.9 ± 5.3	-1.4*
WC (cm)	I	105 ± 8.7	98.2 ± 7.5	-6.8*	0.85	<0.01
	TAU	104.8 ± 8.1	101.8 ± 8.2	-5*
HC (cm)	I	103.5 ± 8	94.8 ± 8.1	-8.7*	0.81	<0.01
	TAU	103.1 ± 7.1	102 ± 7.7	-4.1
Estimated VO2max (ml/kg/min)	I	20.2 ± 4.8	38.2 ± 5.4	18*	0.81	<0.01
	TAU	18.9 ± 10	23.3 ± 11.1	4.4*
Sit-and-stand (n. of repetitions)	I	51.8 ± 21.2	98.8 ± 26.5	47*	0.96	<0.01
	TAU	49.2 ± 19.1	47.9 ± 13.6	-1.3
Grip strength (kg)
right hand	I	32.9 ± 10.5	49.2 ± 15.1	16.3*	0.98	<0.01
	TAU	32.8 ± 11.9	34 ±11.6	1.2*
left hand	I	31.9 ±9.7	45.6 ± 13.4	13.7*	0.98	<0.01
	TAU	31.7 ± 11.3	31.9 ± 11.5	0.2*
Shoulder RoM (degree)
extension
right	I	31.8 ± 4.8	41.9 ± 4.3	10.1*	0.99	<0.01
	TAU	32.5 ± 7.6	33.5 ± 7.6	1*
left	I	31.5 ± 6.5	44.3 ± 4.8	12.8*	0.95	<0.01
	TAU	32.8 ± 5.1	33 ± 7.9	0.2
Elbow RoM (degree)
extension
right	I	121.7 ± 22.4	153.8 ± 10.8	32.1*	0.88	<0.01
	TAU	122.3 ± 21.8	129.6 ± 21.5	7.3*
left	I	125.6 ± 24.9	154.8 ± 16.5	29.2*	0.85	<0.01
	TAU	125.7 ± 25.9	127.9 ± 25.8	2.2
Ankle RoM (degree)
flexion
right	I	71.8 ± 16.3	97.2 ± 14.8	25.4*	0.74	<0.01
	TAU	79.8 ± 10.8	83.4 ±10.8	3.6*
left	I	71.4 ± 10.3	96.1 ± 12.6	24.7*	0.78	<0.01
	TAU	72.6 ± 11.2	76.6 ± 12.6	4*
extension
right	I	15.1 ± 3.9	19.9 ± 1.5	4.8*	0.94	<0.01
	TAU	13.7 ± 2.7	13.8 ± 2.9	0.1
left	I	14.9 ± 4.1	19.9 ± 1.9	5*	0.68	<0.01
	TAU	14.4 ± 2.2	15.6 ± 3.9	1.2*
Knee RoM (degree)
right	I	187.2 ± 4.7	173.9 ± 3.9	-13.3*	0.69	<0.01
	TAU	186.9 ± 2.5	185.6 ± 4.8	-1.3
left	I	186.8 ± 2.8	180.4 ± 3.7	-6.4*	0.48	<0.01
	TAU	186.7 ± 2.9	185.4± 3.3	-1.3

I, Intervention group, n = 28; TAU, Treatment As Usual group, n = 42; Δ, differences between times; BMI: Body Mass Index; WC: Waist Circumference; HC: Hip Circumference; RoM: Range of Motion.

*Statistically significant intra-group difference between times