Table 1.
Clinical and biochemical characteristics of control and PCOS pregnant women with (PCOS+M) and without metformin (PCOS)
| Control (n = 24) |
PCOS (n = 12) |
PCOS+M (n = 12) |
P-values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-pregnancy | ||||
| Age (years) | 23.5 (20.2–30.7) | 29.5 (26.0–31.0) | 30.5 (30.0–35.2) b | 0.013 |
| Weight (kg) | 59.5 (52.8–66.0) | 69.0 (56.0–80.0) | 72.0 (68.0–76.8)b | 0.002 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 22.9 (21.1–26.0) | 26.1 (23.7–29.1) | 29.3 (27.1–30.9) b | <0.001 |
| Overweight/obesity (%) | 29.2 | 58.3 | 83.3b | 0.007 |
| At beginning | ||||
| Weight (kg) | 59.0 (52.5–66.0) | 69.0 (57.0–80.0) | 70.8 (68.0–77.0)b | 0.002 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 23.7 (21.1–25.7) | 27.6 (24.4–29.9)a | 28.8 (27.1–30.9) b | <0.001 |
| At third trimester | ||||
| Weight (Kg) | 71.0 (65.8–77.8) | 78.0 (69.0–90.0)a | 78.8 (70.9–81.5) | 0.096 |
| BMI | 29.1 (26.7 – 31.3) | 30.2 (28.5 – 36.1)a | 31.9 (28.2 – 32.4) | 0.026 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 120 (110–120) | 110 (105–110) | 120 (110–120) | 0.087 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 70 (60–77) | 62 (60–70) | 70 (70 – 70) | 0.448 |
| GWG (Kg) | 12.9 (8.2–16.5) | 11.0 (6.5–15.8) | 5.0 (2.8–7.9)b, c | 0.001 |
| PIH (%) (n) | 0 | 8.3 (1/12) | 0 (0/12) | 0.216 |
| GDM (%) (n) | 0 | 16.7 (2/12)a | 66.7 (8/12) b,c | <0.001 |
BMI: Body mass index; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; GWG: gestational weight gain; PIH: pregnancy induced-hypertension; GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus. Data are expressed as median and interquartile range for continuous variables and percentage for categorical variables. For continuous variables differences were calculated by one way ANOVA test followed by Bonferroni test or Kruskal Wallis followed by Dunn tests according to the normal distribution of data. Categorical variables were analysed by chi-square test. aP < 0.05 between control and PCOS; bP < 0.05 between control and PCOS+M; cP < 0.05 between PCOS and PCOS+M.