Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of control and PCOS infants (daughters and sons) born to control and PCOS mothers treated (PCOS+M) and non-treated (PCOS) with metformin during pregnancy
| Daughters |
Sons |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control (n = 12) |
PCOS (n = 6) |
PCOS+M (n = 6) |
P-values | Control (n = 12) |
PCOS (n = 6) |
PCOS+M (n = 6) |
P-values | |
| At birth | ||||||||
| Gestational age (wk) | 39.0 (39.0–40.0) | 39.0 (38.0–40.0) | 38.0 (36.0–38.0)b | 0.005 | 39.5 (38.2–40.0) | 39.5 (38.7–41.0) | 39.0 (37.7–39.5) | 0.474 |
| Weight (g) | 3545 (3257–3750) | 3275 (2690–3905) | 3285 (2895–3515) | 0.346 | 3575 (3402–4010) | 3588 (2965–3875) | 3417 (3015–3692) | 0.534 |
| Z-score weight | 0.76 (0.15–1.06) | 0.04 (−1.26–1.87) | 0.34 (−0.25–0.93) | 0.601 | 1.11 (0.55–1.93) | 1.03 (−0.73–1.58) | 0.57 (−0.25–1.34) | 0.631 |
| Length (cm) | 50.0 (49.0–51.0) | 47.2 (44.7–50.4) | 47.7 (45.9–49.2) | 0.046 | 50.0 (49.2–51.7) | 50.0 (49.2–51.0) | 49.5 (48.2–51.4) | 0.659 |
| Z-score length | 0.22 (−0.27–0.68) | −0.39 (−1.38–0.60) | −0.12 (−0.83–0.17) | 0.381 | 0.22 (0.06–0.85) | 0.30 -(0.25–0.54) | 0.13 -(0.70–0.88) | 0.775 |
| SGA (%) (n) | 0 (0/12) | 16.7 (1/6) | 0 (0/6) | 0.209 | 8.3 (1/12) | 16.7 (1/6) | 0 (0/6) | 0.579 |
| LGA (%) (n) | 16.7 (2/12) | 33.3 (2/6) | 0 (0/6) | 0.301 | 33.3 (4/12) | 33.3 (2/6) | 16.7 (1/6) | 0.739 |
| At study | ||||||||
| Age (years) | 0.17 (0.17–0.23) | 0.25 (0.17–0.25) | 0.25 (0.23–0.25)b | 0.006 | 0.17 (0.17–0.25) | 0.21 (0.17–0.27) | 0.25 (0.17–0.33) | 0.077 |
| Weight (g) | 6115 (5327–6650) | 6335 (5425–6605) | 5175 (4747–6337) | 0.336 | 5600 (5400–8160) | 6400 (6050–7540) | 6375 (5587–7012) | 0.040 |
| Z-score weight | 0.94 (0.18–1.48) | 0.73 (−0.04–1.28) | −1.02 (−1.52–0.42)b | 0.032 | −0.29 (−0.95–0.48) | 0.49 (−0.04–1.79) | 0.68 (−0.79–2.06) | 0.080 |
| Length (cm) | 58.0 (57.0–60.7) | 57.5 (55.5–59.0) | 57.5 (55.2–60.1) | 0.419 | 59.0 (58.0–60.9) | 60.0 (59.0–62.5) | 57.5 (57.0–61.0) | 0.267 |
| Z-score length | −0.13 (−0.59–1.45) | −0.73 (−1.56 – −0.08) | −1.30 (−2.17 – −0.20)b | 0.008 | −0.24 (−0.71–0.62) | 0.03 (−0.57–1.43) | −0.33 (−1.71–1.36) | 0.789 |
| Weight gain (g) | 2735 (1820–3212) | 2620 (2390–3170) | 2485 (1480–3327) | 0.886 | 2145 (1652–2732) | 2967 (2270–4147) | 3615 (2881–4510)b | 0.020 |
| EMB (%) (n) | 80 (8/10) | 83.3 (5/6) | 50.0 (3/6) | 0.338 | 77.8 (7/9) | 25.0 (1/4) | 66.7 (4/6) | 0.186 |
Results are expressed as median and interquartile range. SGA: small for gestational age; LGA: large for gestational age and EMB: exclusive maternal breastfeeding. Data are expressed as median and interquartile range for continuous variables and percentage for categorical variables. For continuous variables differences were calculated by one way ANOVA test followed by Bonferroni test or Kruskal Wallis followed by Dunn tests according to the normal distribution of data. Categorical variables were analysed by chi-square test. aP < 0.05 between control and PCOS; bP < 0.05 between control and PCOS+M; cP < 0.05 between PCOS and PCOS+M.