Table 3.
Association between antihypertensive use and dyspnea of COVID-19 patients with hypertension comorbidity.
| Unadjusted | Adjustedb | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Total patients | Nonsevere = 0 | Severea = 1 | OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value | |
| Cohort C, n (%) | 617 | 525 | 92 | |||||||
| No use | 59 (9.6) | 41 (7.8) | 18 (19.6) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| ARB | 139 (22.5) | 127 (24.2) | 12 (13) | 0.215 | 0.096–0.484 | <0.001 | 0.4 | 0.236–0.678 | 0.001 | |
| ACEI | 43 (7) | 37 (7) | 6 (6.5) | 0.369 | 0.132–1.03 | 0.061 | 0.785 | 0.522–1.179 | 0.243 | |
| Thiazide | 34 (5.5) | 30 (5.7) | 4 (4.3) | 0.304 | 0.093–0.99 | 0.046 | 0.702 | 0.454–1.086 | 0.112 | |
| BB | 95 (15.4) | 80 (15.2) | 15 (16.3) | 0.427 | 0.195–0.933 | 0.043 | 0.792 | 0.64–0.981 | 0.033 | |
| CCB | 423 (68.6) | 365 (69.5) | 58 (63) | 0.362 | 0.195–0.673 | 0.002 | 0.283 | 0.141–0.567 | <0.001 | |
| Older than 65 years from cohort C, n (%) | 293 | 238 | 55 | |||||||
| No use | 26 (8.9) | 13 (5.5) | 13 (23.6) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| ARB | 71 (24.2) | 62 (26.1) | 9 (16.4) | 0.145 | 0.051–0.41 | <0.001 | 0.415 | 0.209–0.824 | 0.012 | |
| ACEI | 19 (6.5) | 17 (7.1) | 2 (3.6) | 0.118 | 0.022–0.615 | 0.009 | 0.406 | 0.142–1.159 | 0.092 | |
| Thiazide | 22 (7.5) | 20 (8.4) | 2 (3.6) | 0.1 | 0.019–0.518 | 0.004 | 0.341 | 0.091–1.284 | 0.112 | |
| BB | 50 (17.1) | 42 (17.6) | 8 (14.5) | 0.19 | 0.065–0.56 | 0.003 | 0.648 | 0.47–0.894 | 0.008 | |
| CCB | 201 (68.6) | 169 (71) | 32 (58.2) | 0.189 | 0.08–0.446 | <0.001 | 0.166 | 0.058–0.48 | 0.001 | |
aSPO2 <93% or respiratory rate 30 times/min.
bFully adjusted model includes the following covariates: age, gender, baseline of blood pressure (including SBP and DBP), and coexisting medical conditions (including chronic heart, lung, renal, liver, and cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer).