Table 1.
Traumatic brain injury study population stratified by the primary outcome measure (intensive care unit mortality)
| Variables | All patients (n = 39) | ICU discharge (n = 21) | ICU mortality (n = 18) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 30 (18 - 64) | 27 (18 - 62) | 33 (21 - 64) | 0.146 |
| Prehospital care | 34 (87.2) | 20 (95.2) | 14 (77.8) | 0.050 |
| GCS at hospital admission | 5.55 ± 1.99 | 6.35 ± 1.69 | 4.66 ± 1.97 | 0.013* |
| GCS at ICU admission | 5.46 ± 2.93 | 6.47 ± 3.35 | 4.33 ± 1.88 | 0.050 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 131 (60 - 190) | 134 (74 - 180) | 130 (30 - 190) | 0.796 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 77 (30 - 118) | 77 (34 - 108) | 80 (30 - 118) | 0.410 |
| Time to blood sampling (hours after hospital admission) | 6.4 ± 5.5 | 7.2 ± 6.2 | 5.5 ± 4.5 | 0.376 |
| Mechanism of injury | 0.508 | |||
| Motor vehicle accident | 18 (46.2) | 12 (57.1) | 6 (33.3) | |
| Auto versus pedestrian | 7 (17.9) | 3 (14.3) | 4 (22.2) | |
| Fall | 4 (10.3) | 2 (9.5) | 2 (11.1) | |
| Assault | 10 (25.6) | 4 (19.1) | 6 (33.3) | |
| Craniotomy | 15 (38.5) | 9 (42.9) | 6 (33.3) | 0.463 |
| Associated injuries | 23 (59.0) | 15 (71.4) | 9 (50.0) | 0.088 |
| Infection during ICU stay | 26 (66.7) | 17 (80.9) | 9 (50.0) | 0.041* |
| Outcome time (days) | 9.5 (1 - 40) | 17.0 (4 - 40) | 4.0 (1 - 22) | < 0.001* |
| GCS at discharge from ICU | 10.47 ± 4.18 | |||
| GOS at discharge from ICU | 2.95 ± 1.01 | |||
| Plasma MMP-2 (ng/mL) | 325.31 ± 16.53 | 315.68 ± 22.90 | 336.55 ± 24.29 | 0.499 |
| Plasma MMP-9 (ng/mL) | 183.15 ± 15.73 | 147.94 ± 18.00 | 224.23 ± 23.86 | 0.002* |
ICU - intensive care unit; GCS - Glasgow Coma Scale; GOS - Glasgow Outcome Scale; MMP - matrix metalloproteinase.
*
Statistically significant (Mann-Whitney or Chi-square tests). Results median (range), n (%), mean ± standard deviation or mean ± standard error of the mean.