. 2020 Feb 1;29(11):1603–1611. doi: 10.1007/s00787-020-01478-8

Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of youth with OCD + ASD, OCD and ASD at diagnosis

	OCD + ASD		OCD					ASD
	N = 335		N = 1010					N = 6577
					OCD + ASD compared to OCD group					OCD + ASD compared to ASD group
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	t	p	d	Mean	SD	t	p	d
Age at ASD diagnosis^a	13.28	3.01	–	–	–	–	–	10.76	3.72	12.16	***	0.74
Age at OCD diagnosis^a	13.47	2.81	14.00	2.59	− 3.19	**	0.20	–	–	–	–	–
Area deprivation	20.88	12.75	22.36	12.44	− 1.85	ns	0.18	27.11	12.15	− 9.02	***	0.50
CGAS score	44.30	3.29	49.06	15.57	− 5.35	***	0.42	48.87	14.60	− 5.66	***	0.45
RCADS scores
Total	49.44	31.23	56.68	30.90	− 1.32	ns	0.23	49.68	28.44	− 0.05	ns	0.01
OCD	7.48	5.29	9.30	5.26	− 2.05	*	0.35	5.72	4.19	2.68	**	0.37
Separation anxiety	11.11	8.25	11.81	7.32	− 0.53	ns	0.01	12.04	7.16	− 0.82	ns	0.12
Panic	8.27	7.50	8.42	6.63	− 0.13	ns	0.02	7.28	6.45	0.97	ns	0.14
Depression	12.28	6.56	11.42	7.50	0.71	ns	0.12	11.86	7.04	0.39	ns	0.06
Social anxiety	5.34	4.71	6.49	5.10	− 1.34	ns	0.23	5.93	4.77	− 0.78	ns	0.12
Generalised anxiety	7.47	5.29	8.89	5.46	− 1.54	ns	0.26	7.34	4.79	0.17	ns	0.03

					OCD + ASD compared to OCD group					OCD + ASD compared to ASD group
	N	Percent	N	Percent	chi²	p	OR	N	Percent	chi²	p	OR
Intellectual disability	29	9	11	1	49.93	***	8.61	1302	20	25.44	***	0.38
Sex (male)	214	64	488	49	24.42	***	1.89	4952	76	21.99	***	0.58
Other psychiatric diagnosis	77	23	247	25	0.30	ns	0.92	834	13	29.58	***	2.06

Ethnicity	N	Percent	Expected N^b	N	Percent	Expected N^b	N	Percent	Expected N^b
White British	234	73	180.5	656	70	532.5	3070	54	3247
Black	13	3	68.4	71	8	201.8	1417	25	1230.7
Asian	20	6	42.8	46	5	42.8	252	4	260.7
Other	52	16	163.9	168	18	163.9	999	17	999.5

CGAS score adjusted for age, sex, intellectual disability, area deprivation, treatment (pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioural therapy), time between assessments

OCD obsessive–compulsive disorder, ASD autism spectrum disorder, CGAS Child Global Assessment Scale, RCADS Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale, ns non-significant

***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05

^aFirst recorded diagnosis

^bExpected N based on ethnic composition of local population obtained from UK Census data