Table 3.
Results of screening for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and identified diagnoses of ASD and ADHD in the same 213 children in a population-based group with cerebral palsy (CP)
| Screening | Diagnosis | Screening | Diagnosis | Screening | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| positive ASD | ASD | positive ADHD | ADHD | negative ASD and ADHD | ||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Total | 213 | 74 (35) | 42 (20) | 106 (50) | 49 (23) | 94 (44) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 115 | 45 (39) | 27 (23) | 62 (54) | 25 (22) | 46 (40) |
| Female | 98 | 29 (30) | 15 (15) | 44 (45) | 24 (24) | 48 (49) |
| Gestational age | ||||||
| Week 23–27 | 20 | 10 (50) | 9 (45) | 13 (65) | 6 (30) | 7 (35) |
| Week 28–31 | 22 | 9 (41) | 4 (18) | 7 (32) | 4 (18) | 12 (55) |
| Week 32–36 | 37 | 10 (27) | 5 (14) | 10 (27) | 7 (19) | 21 (57) |
| Week 37–42 | 134 | 45 (34) | 24 (18) | 76 (57) | 32 (24) | 54 (40) |
| CP type | ||||||
| Unilateral spastic CP | 89 | 23 (26) | 15 (17) | 45 (51) | 24 (27) | 41 (46) |
| Bilateral spastic CP | 76 | 29 (38) | 19 (25) | 35 (46) | 11 (14) | 36 (47) |
| Dyskinetic CP | 32 | 13 (41) | 3 (9) | 14 (44) | 7 (22) | 14 (44) |
| Ataxic CP | 16 | 9 (56) | 5 (31) | 12 (75) | 7 (44) | 3 (19) |
| GMFCS | ||||||
| I | 110 | 26 (24) | 15 (14) | 51 (46) | 27 (25) | 54 (49) |
| II | 33 | 15 (45) | 13 (39) | 19 (58) | 11 (33) | 14 (42) |
| III | 19 | 8 (42) | 5 (26) | 11 (58) | 4 (21) | 7 (37) |
| IV | 30 | 16 (53) | 7 (23) | 17 (57) | 5 (17) | 10 (33) |
| V | 21 | 9 (43) | 2 (10) | 8 (38) | 2 (10) | 9 (43) |
| Visual impairment (VI) | ||||||
| No VI | 183 | 59 (32) | 32 (17) | 95 (52) | 48 (26) | 79 (43) |
| VI not severe | 15 | 8 (53) | 5 (33) | 4 (27) | 1 (7) | 7 (47) |
| Severe VI | 15 | 7 (47) | 5 (33) | 7 (47) | 0 (0) | 8 (53) |
| Hearing impairment | ||||||
| No | 198 | 67 (34) | 40 (20) | 95 (48) | 45 (23) | 90 (45) |
| Sensorineural | 15 | 7 (47) | 2 (13) | 11 (73) | 4 (27) | 4 (27) |
| Intellectual level | ||||||
| Normal | 90 | 10 (11) | 6 (7) | 30 (33) | 14 (16) | 56 (62) |
| Borderline | 19 | 7 (37) | 5 (26) | 9 (47) | 8 (42) | 10 (53) |
| Mild ID | 47 | 24 (51) | 12 (26) | 32 (68) | 18 (38) | 12 (26) |
| Moderate ID | 19 | 10 (53) | 7 (37) | 13 (68) | 6 (32) | 4 (21) |
| Severe ID | 26 | 18 (69) | 9 (35) | 19 (73) | 3 (12) | 6 (23) |
| Profound ID | 12 | 5 (42) | 3 (25) | 3 (25) | 0 (0) | 6 (50) |
| Epilepsy | ||||||
| No | 117 | 28 (24) | 12 (10) | 48 (41) | 26 (22) | 62 (53) |
| Previous | 15 | 6 (40) | 4 (27) | 6 (40) | 2 (13) | 8 (53) |
| Active | 81 | 40 (49) | 26 (32) | 52 (64) | 21 (26) | 24 (30) |
| Viking Speech Scale (VSS) | ||||||
| I | 104 | 24 (23) | 18 (17) | 45 (43) | 23 (22) | 53 (51) |
| II | 51 | 20 (39) | 11 (22) | 25 (49) | 16 (31) | 24 (47) |
| III | 17 | 6 (35) | 2 (12) | 10 (59) | 5 (29) | 7 (41) |
| IV | 41 | 24 (59) | 11 (27) | 26 (63) | 5 (12) | 10 (24) |
The results are shown in relation to sex, gestational age, CP type, gross motor function and associated impairments. Percentages describes the proportion of the subgroups. (GMFCS Gross Motor Function Classification System; ID Intellectual Disability)