Fig. 2.
Effects of probiotic treatments on the expression levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the chick ileum and cecum. Chicks in Con, LR, and CB groups were orally administrated with 500 µl deionized water, 2×109 CFU L. reuteri, and 1.3×107 cells C. butyricum, respectively (n=7 in each group). Asterisks indicate significant differences between the Con group and each probiotic group, determined by Kruskal-Wallis and Steel tests (* P<0.05, ** P<0.01). See Fig. 1 for other explanations.