Fig. 3.

Effects of probiotic treatments on the expression levels of AvBDs in the chick ileum and cecum. Chicks in Con, LR, and CB groups were orally administrated with 500 µl deionized water, 2×10⁹ CFU L. reuteri, and 1.3×10⁷ cells C. butyricum, respectively [n=7 for each group, except for AvBD2 data in the ileum in the Con group (n=6)]. Asterisks indicate significant differences between the Con group and each probiotic group, determined by Kruskal-Wallis and Steel tests (* P<0.05). See Fig. 1 for other explanations.