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. 2020 Oct 29;10:18614. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-75245-9

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Linking shift work to mood vulnerability. Night shift work may affect emotional state and thereby mental health through circadian misalignment (black solid lines: potential direct effects). Here, circadian misalignment is illustrated by a large ~ 12-h inversion of the sleep/wake cycle and light–dark cycle (red box; aligned: top panel, misaligned: bottom panel), as can occur in night shift work. Shift work also indirectly affects emotional state and mental health through behavioral risk factors (indicated by grey dashed lines).