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. 2020 Oct 29;10:18614. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-75245-9

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Sleep efficiency does not predict mood and well-being impairment during circadian misalignment. (A–C) In non-shift workers (n = 14), mood levels (A) and sleep efficiency (B) were significantly reduced during circadian misalignment as compared to circadian alignment. (C) Linear regression models indicate that sleep efficiency did not predict mood levels in the circadian alignment or misalignment conditions. (D–F) In shift workers (n = 7), mood levels (D) and sleep efficiency (E) were significantly reduced during circadian misalignment. (F) Linear regression models indicate that sleep efficiency did not predict mood levels in either circadian conditions (difference from circadian alignment to misalignment). Data presented as circles indicate individuals, and connecting lines correspond to results from the same individual for circadian alignment and misalignment. Squares and whiskers correspond, respectively, to median and interquartile ranges (minimum and maximum quartiles [1.5 × interquartile range]) to illustrate data dispersion; p-values: significance of the paired t-tests for A,B,D and E and for the linear regression analyses shown in C and F.