Fig. 7.

Outline of the ex vivo and in vivo genome editing procedures for clinical therapy. Top: In the ex vivo editing therapy, cells are removed from a patient to be treated, corrected by gene editing and then re-engrafted back to the patient. To achieve therapeutic success, the target cells must be capable of surviving in vitro and autologous transplantation of the corrected cells. Below: In the in vivo editing therapy, designed nucleases are administered using viral or non-viral techniques and directly injected locally to the affected tissue, such as the eye, brain, or muscle. (Adapted from [48])