Table 2.
Evidence of the relationship of estrogen to the pathogenesis of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
| References | Findings | |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental | (26) | In general, co-expression of ERα and β in the inner ear. |
| (32) | TRPV6 is an important Ca2+ binding protein for maintenance of low [Ca2+] in the vestibular endolymph. Estradiol regulate TRPV6 via an ERα-dependent pathway. | |
| (33) | In rats by ovariectomy, the density of otoconia with larger size compared to the controls. | |
| (25) | Otoconial malformation and decreased the number of otoconia in older animals with ERα deficiency. | |
| (20) | The recovery of the otoconin 90, which preserves the normal morphology and growth of otoconia in bilateral ovariectomy in rats receiving female sex hormone replacement therapy | |
| Clinical | (8) | Perimenopausal women with BPPV are the predominant patient type in dizziness clinics. |
| (3) | ||
| (5) | ||
| (6) | ||
| (4) | ||
| (7) | ||
| (45) | Estrogen supplement, not short-term treatment with vitamin D, can repair calcium ion malabsorption occurring after estrogen deprivation. | |
| (46) | Recurrent BPPV is related to oral contraceptive treatment. | |
| (47) | Pregnant women with first attack of BPPV | |
| (6) | In the Taiwanese population, estrogen care for menopausal syndromes significantly lower incidence of BPPV. | |
| (20) | The lower level of estradiol in the postmenopausal women with idiopathic BPPV than those in the control subjects (p < 0.001). |
BPPV, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.