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Brain areas found to have reactive astrocytes with chronic pain. Astrocytes in both discriminative and cognitive/affective pain pathways are activated with chronic pain. Some of the brain regions have astrocytic Ca2+ signal changes. ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; Amyg, amygdala; HP, hippocampus; mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex; S1, primary somatosensory cortex; Sp, spinal cord.
