Table 1.
Expression, localization, and the potential role of ion channels in exocrine pancreas.
| Channel type | Species | Pancreatic Acini | Pancreatic Duct | Localization | Function | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K+ Channels | ||||||
| Kir2, Kir2.3, Kir7.1, Kir1.3 | Rat | + | Basolateral | Unknown | (Kim et al., 2000) (Shuck et al., 1997) |
|
| Kir5.1 & Kir4.2 | Rat Human |
+ | + | Unknown | Kir5.1 forms heteromeric channels with Kir4.2. Might have a role in the pH-dependent regulation of K+ fuxes? |
(Pessia et al., 2001) (Liu et al., 2000) |
| TALK-1 & TALK-2 | Human | + | Unknown | Highly modulated (activation) by NOS and ROS | (Duprat et al., 2005) (Girard et al., 2001) |
|
| TASK-2 | Human | + | + | Luminal in duct | Might drive the force for electrogenic HCO3– secretion? | (Duprat et al., 1997) (Duprat et al., 2005) (Hayashi and Novak, 2013) |
| minK | Rat | + | Unknown in acinar | (Kim and Greger, 1999) | ||
| KCNQ1(KvLQT1/Kv7.) & KCNE1 (minK) | Mouse Rat |
+ | + | Luminal in duct Lateral and basolateral in acini |
Cell volume regulation in ducts Membrane potential in acini Electrolyte/enzyme secretion with minK |
(Kottgen et al., 1999) (Warth et al., 2002) (Warth and Barhanin, 2002) (Demolombe et al., 2001) (Hayashi et al., 2012) |
| KCa1.1 (BK, maxi-K) | + | + | Basolateral in acini/Luminal in duct | Activate luminal secretion | (Gray et al., 1990a) (Hede et al., 1999) (Hede et al., 2005) |
|
| BK (maxi-K) | Pig | + | Basolateral | Cl- secretion | (Iwatsuki and Petersen, 1985a) (Iwatsuki and Petersen, 1985b) (Suzuki et al., 1985) (Petersen and Findlay, 1987) (Gallacher et al., 1984) |
|
| BK (maxi-K) | Human | + | Unknown | (Petersen et al., 1985) | ||
| BK (maxi-K) | Guinea-pig | + | Luminal | Regulation of HCO3- secretion-induced by the bile acid Chenodeoxycholate | (Venglovecz et al., 2011) | |
| BK (maxi-K) | Rat | + | Basolateral | Might regulate membrane potential hyperpolarzation? | (Gray et al., 1990a) (Hede et al., 2005) |
|
| IK1 (KCa3.1) | Dog (cell lines, PDEC) | + | + | Basolateral/Luminal in duct |
Driving force for Cl- efflux Regulate HCO3- secretion Hyperpolarization |
(Nguyen and Moody, 1998) (Thompson-Vest et al., 2006) (Jung et al., 2006) |
| IK1 (KCa3.1) | Mouse & Human | + | Luminal/basolateral | Setting the RMP. Involvement in anion and K+ transport in stimulated ducts | (Hayashi et al., 2012) | |
| IK1 (KCa3.1) | Human & Rat | (Ishii et al., 1997) (Joiner et al., 1997) (Hede et al., 2005) |
||||
| Kv3.4 | Mouse | + | Unknown | Unknown | (Kalman et al., 1998) | |
| Kv1.5 | Human | + | Unknown | Might regulate membrane potential? | (Bielanska et al., 2009) (Venglovecz et al., 2015) |
|
| Kv11.1 (ERG1) | Human | + | Luminal | Might regulate membrane potential? | (Hayashi et al., 2012) | |
| Kv10.2 | Human | + | Luminal | Might regulate membrane potential? | (Hayashi et al., 2012) | |
| Calcium | ||||||
| ORAI1 | Mouse | + | Both in acinar Mostly basolateral |
Might drive exocytosis of secretory granules or stimulate fluid and electrolyte secretion? | (Lur et al., 2009) (Hong et al., 2011) |
|
| ORAI2 | Dog | + | Unknown | Unknown | (Kim et al., 2013) | |
| ORAI3 | Dog | + | Basolateral | Unknown | (Kim et al., 2013) | |
| STIM1 | Mouse | + | Both in acinar Mostly basolateral |
Might drive exocytosis of secretory granules or stimulate fluid and electrolyte secretion? | (Lur et al., 2009) (Hong et al., 2011) |
|
| TRPC1 | Mouse | + | + | Lateral side of the basolateral membrane | Might drive exocytosis of secretory granules or stimulate fluid and electrolyte secretion? | (Hong et al., 2011) |
| TRPC3 | Mouse | + | + | Basolateral in acini | Might drive exocytosis of secretory granules or stimulate fluid and electrolyte secretion? | (Kim et al., 2006) (Kim et al., 2009) |
| TRPC6 | Mouse | + | Unknown | Might drive exocytosis of secretory granules or stimulate fluid and electrolyte secretion? | (Kim et al., 2006) | |
| TRPV6 | Dog | + | Unknown | Unknown | (Kim et al., 2013) | |
| TRPM7 | Zebra fish | + | Luminal | Regulating epithelial cell-cycle progression, growth, and, consequently, acinar and ductal morphogenesis, also during embryogenesis |
(Yee et al., 2011) | |
| TRPM8 | Human | + | (To some extend) | Unknown | Unknown | (Yee et al., 2010) |
| Chloride | ||||||
| CFTR | Rat Guinea-pig Dog Human |
+ | + | Luminal in ducts | Drive fluid and HCO3- secretion | (Gray et al., 1988) (Gray et al., 1989) (Gray et al., 1990b) (Marino et al., 1991; Gray et al., 1993) (Zeng et al., 1997) |
| CaCC (TMEM16A) |
Mouse Rat Guniea-pig Dog Bovine |
+ | + | Luminal on both | Drive fluid and HCO3- secretion | (Park et al., 2001) (al-Nakkash and Cotton, 1997) (Winpenny et al., 1995) (Nguyen et al., 1997) (Yokoyama et al., 2019) (Zdebik et al., 1997) (Wang and Novak, 2013) (Park et al., 2001) (Yang et al., 2008) (Bergmann et al., 2011) (Ousingsawat et al., 2009) (Huang et al., 2009) (Randriamampita et al., 1988) (Kasai and Augustine, 1990) (Marty et al., 1984) (Gray et al., 1989) (Gray et al., 1990b) |
| Sodium | ||||||
| ENaC (δ -subunit) | Mouse Human |
+ | + | Luminal | Unknown | (McDonald et al., 1994; Waldmann et al., 1995; Zeiher et al., 1995; Novak and Hansen, 2002; Pascua et al., 2009) (Waldmann et al., 1995) |
| Other | ||||||
| AQP1 | Mouse Rat Human |
+ | + | Both on ducts | Facilitates water flow | (Gabbi et al., 2008) (Ko et al., 2002) (Furuya et al., 2002) (Burghardt et al., 2003) |
| AQP5 | Mouse Rat Human |
+ | Luminal | Facilitates water flow | (Hurley et al., 2001) (Ko et al., 2002) (Burghardt et al., 2003) |
|
| AQP8 | Rat Human |
+ | Luminal | Facilitates water flow | (Hurley et al., 2001) (Burghardt et al., 2003) (Koyama et al., 1997) |
|
| AQP12 | Mouse Chicken Human |
+ | Intracellular | Synthesis of digestive enzymes | (Itoh et al., 2005) (Isokpehi et al., 2009) |