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. 2020 Jul 29;11(1):99–115. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.07.008

Table 1.

Plasma Concentrations of Different Amino Acids After 2 Hours of Refeeding Different Diets

Amino acid	Different diets
Amino acid	Fasted	Refed (20% Prot)	Refed (0% Prot)	Refed (No-Leu)
Essential
Histidine	61.0 ± 3.0	91.7 ± 7.3^a	50.9 ± 1.5^b	83.9 ± 4.0^a^,^c
Lysine	287.6 ± 24.1	513.3 ± 54.1^a	148.8 ± 4.2^a^,^b	354.2 ± 27.9^b^,^c
Methionine	40.3 ± 9.8	126.2 ± 12.0^a	19.6 ± 3.3^a^,^b	99.2 ± 5.0^b^,^c
Phenylalanine	86.3 ± 5.4	109.7 ± 10.5^a	38.7 ± 1.5^a^,^b	96.6 ± 4.4^c
Threonine	113.1 ± 18.1	266.1 ± 27.6^a	45.4 ± 7.6^a^,^b	275.8 ± 20.3^a^,^c
Tryptophan	41.1 ± 2.4	54.3 ± 3.5^a	33.3 ± 1.6^b	52.8 ± 3.3^a^,^c
BCAA
Leucine	226.3 ± 16.7	254.9 ± 19.1	36.1 ± 1.5^a^,^b	24.5 ± 2.2^a^,^b
Isoleucine	138.7 ± 11.7	143.4 ± 10.6	15.0 ± 1.4^a^,^b	190.4 ± 15.8^a^,^b^,^c
Valine	320.2 ± 25.6	507.4 ± 34.1^a	45.3 ± 1.3^a^,^b	561.8 ± 22.6^a^,^c
Nonessential
Alanine	255.5 ± 46.4	791.6 ± 79.6^a	308.4 ± 15.0^a^,^b	1006.4 ± 47.6^a^,^b^,^c
Asparagine	30.1 ± 5.7	63.9 ± 4.8^a	12.3 ± 3.7^b	20.8 ± 4.6^b
Aspartic acid	3.3 ± 1.5	4.5 ± 1.2	2.3 ± 1.0^a^,^b	10.4 ± 2.3^a^,^b^,^c
Cysteine	44.4 ± 1.8	44.9 ± 1.7	43.4 ± 1.8	44.6 ± 1.7
Glutamic acid	27.7 ± 1.8	53.2 ± 20.4	148.8 ± 4.2^a^,^b	67.3 ± 14.5^c
Glycine	196.6 ± 17.1	171.4 ± 18.8	138.0 ± 9.3^a^,^b	191.3 ± 13.7^c
Proline	90.3 ± 26.5	439.9 ± 54.3^a	58.9 ± 1.8^b	398.6 ± 28.2^a^,^c
Serine	71.7 ± 6.4	123.5 ± 20.6^a	45.5 ± 5.0^a^,^b	121.1 ± 9.6^a^,^c
Tyrosine	52.0 ± 7.2	136.0 ± 22.6^a	22.0 ± 2.3^b	123.2 ± 10.2^a^,^c

NOTE. Results are the average and SEM of 6 samples per group. Measurements are shown in micromolars.

BCAA, branched-chain amino acid; No-Leu, leucine-free diet; 20% Prot, standard diet with 20% protein; 0% Prot, protein-free diet.

^a

P < .05 vs the control fasted group.

^b

P < .05 vs the control refed group.

^c

P < .05 vs the 0% Prot group.