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Instantaneous measurements of carbon isotope discrimination (∆ 13C) plotted against the ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 concentrations (ci/ca) measured concurrently. Data are for mature leaves of wild type plants of Populus × canescens from the dataset published by Cernusak et al. (2019). The solid line in the graph represents a general, empirical relationship between ∆ 13C measured in mature leaf dry matter and ci/ca (Farquhar et al., 1982a).
