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. 2020 Oct 26;12(10):1152–1170. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i10.1152

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©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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In vitro three-dimensional cell cultures in Matrigel. A: After 6 h from seeding, human retinal endothelial cells (hRECs) cultured on Matrigel spontaneously form tubular microvessel-like structures (1). This predisposition appears enhanced when hRECs are co-cultured with human retinal pericyte cells (hRPCs) (6) or hASCs pre-cultured in complete pericyte medium (PM-hASCs) (5). No evident improvements are detectable if hRECs are co-cultured with control hASCs (2), hASCs pre-stimulated with transforming growth factor (3) or hASCs pre-cultured in pericyte medium lacking pericyte growth supplement (4). Scale bar: 100 μm. B: Typical tubular microvessel-like structures spontaneously formed by hRECs after 20 h from seeding (1). In 2 and 3, PM-hASCs and hRPCs, prelabeled with DiI (red fluorescence), were co-cultured with hRECs. In these cases, both cell types occupied the identical location in proximity to the tubular formations. Scale bar: 50 μm. hASCs: Human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells pre-cultured in basal medium; hRECs: Human retinal endothelial cells; hRPCs: Human retinal pericyte cells; TGF-hASCs: hASCs pre-stimulated with transforming growth factor; noPGS-hASCs: hASCs pre-cultured in pericyte medium lacking pericyte growth supplement; PM-hASCs: hASCs pre-cultured in complete pericyte medium.