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. 2020 Oct 29;10:18661. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-75775-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Association between cesarean section and low cardiorespiratory fitness at conscription in the 18th life-year for the main analytic sample, within-family analyses and analytic sub-population. Superscript 1: Adjusted models in main analyses show logistic regression estimates of odds ratios of low CRF (defined as lowest quartile of Wmax achieved by all recruits during the study period), 95% confidence intervals and p-values between individuals born through cesarean section (elective and non-elective combined) as compared to all individuals born vaginally. Adjustments included: birthweights standardized according to gestational age, gestational age, maternal age, parity, maternal diseases (diabetes, hypertension, preeclampsia, SLE), highest parental educational level, household disposable income, parental country of birth and highest parental occupational class. Superscript 2: Within-family analyses were similar in terms of adjustments (excluding parental country of birth and highest parental education) to the main analyses and were performed on all biological siblings in the main analytic sample who conscripted during the study period. Superscript 3: Adjusted models in sub-population show logistic regression estimates of odds ratios of low CRF (defined as lowest quartile of Wmax achieved by all recruits during the study period), 95% confidence intervals and p-values between individuals born through cesarean section (elective and non-elective combined as well as differentiated by mode of cesarean delivery) as compared to all individuals born vaginally. Adjustments included: birthweights standardized according to gestational age, gestational age, maternal age, parity, maternal diseases at time of giving birth (diabetes, hypertension, preeclampsia, SLE) and parental educational level, disposable income, country of birth and occupational class as well as pre-pregnancy BMI and self-reported maternal smoking habits during pregnancy.