Table 1.
Additional information regarding projects discussed in this review
| Project name | Region | Description | Website |
|---|---|---|---|
| Be a smart ash | Denver, Colorado, USA | Mapping the locations of urban ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees for early detection and planning for emerald ash borer arrival | https://beasmartash.org |
| Brigit | Great Britain | Determining the distribution of potential vectors for X. fastidiosa. Focusing on the spittle produced in spring by a wide range of froghoppers/spittlebugs and leafhoppers | www.spittlebugsurvey.co.uk |
| BTO breeding birds survey | United Kingdom | Monitoring the population changes of common and widespread breeding birds, producing population trends for 117 bird species. The structured survey involves visits to an allocated 1-km square, to count all the birds you see or hear while walking transects | www.bto.org/our-science/projects/bbs |
| Cape citizen science | Greater Cape Floristic Region, South Africa | Reporting locations and pictures of unhealthy plants with a focus on Phytophthora cinnamomi | https://citsci.co.za |
| Conker tree science | Great Britain | Surveys of horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum focusing on horse chestnut leaf miner and its natural enemies. Surveys were conducted in 2010 and 2020 | www.conkertreescience.org.uk |
| Covid symptom study | United Kingdom | A smart phone application that allows users to regularly report their health status to track Covid 19 infections in the community | https://covid.joinzoe.com |
| First detector | United States of America | First detectors are tree health volunteers who help with early detection and receive training through online materials and in person workshops | www.firstdetector.org |
| National Biodiversity Network (NBN) | United Kingdom | The NBN Atlas is an online tool that provides a platform to link to multiple sources of information about UK species and habitats. It aims to facilitate learning about and understanding the UK’s wildlife | https://nbnatlas.org |
| National Plant Diagnostic Network (NPDN) | United States of America | A network of 70 diagnostic laboratories across the USA who diagnose plant pests and pathogens | https://www.npdn.org |
| Non-native species portal (GB‐NNSIP) | Great Britain | Tools and information to support the no-native species strategy including links for reporting sightings | https://www.nonnativespecies.org |
| Observatree | Great Britain | Tree health volunteers, trained to identify and survey for 22 priority pests and diseases (more details in case study 2) | www.observatree.org.uk |
| OPAL tree health | Great Britain | Reporting the presence of pests and diseases on Oak (Quercus robur and Q. petraea), Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and Horse Chestnut trees (with a focus on six of the most serious pest and disease threats, “The Most Unwanted”). Project active between 2013 and 2019 | www.imperial.ac.uk/opal/surveys/treehealthsurvey |
| TreeAlert | Great Britain | An online portal for the reporting and diagnosis of all tree pests and diseases in Great Britain (more information in case study 1) | https://treealert.forestresearch.gov.uk |
| Tree bodyguards | Europe | Students from 10 European countries installed thousands of fake clay caterpillars in trees to detect traces of teeth, beaks or mandible left by caterpillar predators. Their observations inform studies investigating the effects of climate on tree defences and defoliator predation | https://www6.inrae.fr/tree-bodyguards |