Table 1.
Characteristics of study subjects.
| ALL group | Control group | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 58) | (n = 23) | ||
| Age [year, median (range)] | 7.2 (3.0–15.0) | 7.6 (3.0–16.0) | 0.588 |
| Gender | 0.896 | ||
| Male (n, %) | 34 (58.6) | 11 (47.8) | |
| Female (n, %) | 24 (41.4) | 12 (52.2) | |
| Birth order | 0.129 | ||
| First born (n, %) | 37 (63.8) | 18 (78.3) | |
| Second child (n, %) | 18 (31.0) | 4 (17.4) | |
| Third and upper (n, %) | 3 (5.2) | 1 (4.3) | |
| Modes of delivery | 0.600 | ||
| Spontaneous delivery | 34 (58.6) | 12 (52.3) | |
| Cesarean section | 24 (43.4) | 11 (47.8) | |
| Birth weight | 0.433 | ||
| ≤ 3 kg (n, %) | 18 (31.0) | 5 (21.7) | |
| >3 kg (n, %) | 40 (69.0) | 18 (78.2) | |
| Feeding patterns | 0.768 | ||
| Breastfeeding (n, %) | 46 (79.3) | 17 (73.9) | |
| Non-breastfeeding (n, %) | 12 (20.7) | 6 (26.1) | |
| Diet | 0.344 | ||
| Not picky eaters (n, %) | 44 (75.9) | 15 (65.2) | |
| Meat-based (n, %) | 12 (20.7) | 7 (30.4) | |
| Vegetarian-based (n, %) | 2 (3.4) | 1 (4.3) | |
| Constipation (n, %) | 9 (15.5) | 4 (17.4) | 0.837 |
| BMI [kg/m2, median (range)] | 27.8 (21.4–38.8) | 25.9 (21.5–32.0) | 0.104 |