Table 1. Demographics and biomarkers values.
| 20-ml tau SILK discovery cohort (n = 34) | 4-ml Aβ SILK validation cohort (n = 92) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Young controls | Aged controls | Non-AD MCI | Preclinical AD | AD-MCI | AD-moderate | Aged controls | Non-AD MCI | Preclinical AD | AD-MCI | AD-moderate |
| n | 9 | 8 | 2 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 31 | 11 | 20 | 24 | 6 |
| Age, yr | 44 (12) | 74 (5) | 71 (3) | 75 (5) | 81 (7) | 75 (2) | 73 (5) | 75 (8) | 74 (6) | 76 (6) | 74 (8) |
| Gender (F/M) | 6/3 | 5/3 | 2/0 | 1/4 | 5/3 | 2/0 | 16/15 | 2/9 | 10/10 | 11/13 | 1/5 |
| CDR | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.5 | 1 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.5 | 1 |
| CSF42/40 | 0.12 (0.01) | 0.12 (0.02) | 0.13 (0.01) | 0.07 (0.01)**** | 0.06 (0.01)**** | 0.07 (0.01)*** | 0.18 (0.02)(20) | 0.18 (0.02)(11) | 0.10 (0.02)(11)**** | 0.10 (0.02)(18)**** | 0.10 (0.03)(6)**** |
| AV45 centiloid | na | 0.95 (0.12)(7) | 0.80 (0.00)(1) | 1.98 (0.41)(4)** | 2.65 (0.38)(5)** | 2.30 (0.30)(2)ns | 1.08 (0.33)(21) | 0.85(1) | 1.86 (0.52)(13)**** | 2.20 (0.56)(8)**** | 2.41(1) |
| PiB SUVR | na | 0.05 (0.04)(4) | 0.06 (0.00)(1) | 0.44 (0.11)(4)* | 0.51 (0.12)(4)* | 0.52 (0.00)(1) | 1.08 (0.17)(25) | 0.96 (0.25)(4) | 2.17 (0.83)(16)**** | 2.92 (0.75)(11)**** | na |
| Amyloid status | Negative | Negative | Negative | Positive | Positive | Positive | Negative | Negative | Positive | Positive | Positive |
| AV1451 SUVR | na | 1.19 (0.09)(6) | 1.30 (0.06)(2) | 1.26 (0.15)(5)ns | 1.79 (0.14)(5)** | 2.36 (0.50)(2)ns | na | na | na | na | na |
| CSF | |||||||||||
| t-tau (ng/ml) | 2.11 (0.15) | 2.22 (0.16) | 2.03 (0.07)ns | 2.73 (0.61)** | 2.90 (0.62)*** | 4.27 (1.71)* | 2.21 (0.58) | 2.13 (0.09)ns | 2.81 (0.95)** | 3.28 (0.94)**** | 3.58 (1.60)ns |
| p-tau-217/T217 (%) | 2.6 (0.2) | 2.7 (0.3) | 2.7 (0.8)ns | 7.0 (1.3)**** | 8.7 (1.9)**** | 9.3 (0.8)* | 2.0 (0.5) | 2.0 (0.4)ns | 5.9 (2.6)**** | 7.8 (2.0)**** | 9.2 (2.1)**** |
| p-tau-217 level (pg/ml) | 54 (5) | 59 (5) | 56 (20)ns | 187 (42)**** | 247 (58)**** | 395 (121)* | 44 (16) | 43 (16)ns | 184 (159)**** | 248 (117)**** | 355 (206)**** |
| p-tau-181/T181 (%) | 13.5 (0.9) | 13.3 (0.8) | 14.2 (1.5)ns | 16.0 (2.0)** | 17.5 (1.9)**** | 15.9 (0.2)* | 15.6 (0.8) | 14.7 (1.0) | 19.7 (3.0)**** | 21.0 (2.1)**** | 20.7 (3.0)**** |
| p-tau-181 level (pg/ml) | 286 (33) | 295 (30) | 281 (44)ns | 438 (119)*** | 501 (93)**** | 681 (263)* | 339 (105) | 310 (96) | 574 (282)*** | 688 (241)**** | 777 (420)* |
| pS202/S202 (%) | 2.5 (1.2) | 2.0 (0.5) | 3.3 (1.1)ns | 2.1 (0.7)ns | 1.8 (0.6)ns | 1.9 (0.2)ns | na | na | na | na | na |
| Plasma | |||||||||||
| t-tau (pg/ml) | 23.3 (4.9) | 22.9 (3.3) | 18.4 (2.1)ns | 27.8 (9.6)ns | 29.8 (12.8)ns | 35.3 (10.3)ns | 20.4 (6.3) | 21.2 (5.2) | 22.0 (5.2) | 22.7 (6.9) | 23.5 (7.4) |
| p-tau-217/T217 (%) | 0.6 (0.1) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.1)ns | 2.0 (0.7)**** | 2.7 (1.0)**** | 4.2 (0.9)** | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.4 (0.2)ns | 1.2 (1.1)**** | 1.3 (0.7)**** | 2.2 (1.2)**** |
| p-tau-217 level (pg/ml) | 0.13 (0.02) | 0.15 (0.04) | 0.13 (0.01)ns | 0.52 (0.17)**** | 0.82 (0.52)**** | 1.57 (0.7)** | 0.07 (0.03) | 0.09 (0.02)ns | 0.26 (0.25)**** | 0.31 (0.19)**** | 0.58 (0.50)**** |
| p-tau-181/T181 (%) | 6.8 (1.5) | 8.9 (1.5) | 8.5 (1.3)ns | 12.5 (2.5)*** | 13.8 (1.8)**** | 15.1 (1.3)** | 8.5 (1.9) | 7.8 (1.0)ns | 9.7 (2.3)ns | 10.0 (2.0)** | 10.6 (1.5)* |
| p-tau-181 level (pg/ml) | 1.6 (0.6) | 2.0 (0.4) | 1.6 (0.1)ns | 3.4 (0.9)** | 4.3 (2.3)*** | 5.5 (2.0)** | 2.1 (0.7) | 2.3 (0.9)ns | 2.7 (1.2)ns | 2.9 (1.0)*** | 3.4 (1.5)* |
| pS202/S202 (%) | 4.0 (1.0) | 5.3 (1.1) | 3.9 (0.1)ns | 4.8 (1.4)ns | 4.4 (1.3)ns | 3.7 (0.4)ns | na | na | na | na | na |
Data are shown as mean (SD). Superscript parenthetical numbers, e.g., (7), indicate the number of available measures into the group; each participant has at least one measure (amyloid PET imaging or CSF42/40) used to define amyloid status. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001. na, not available; ns, not significant per the Mann–Whitney test against control groups; F, female; M, male; PiB, Pittsburgh compound B.