Table 5.

Bias and standard deviation (sd) for the estimated variance components ${\sigma }_{bj}^2$, 0 ≤ j ≤ 3 and ${\sigma }_{ϵ}^2$ in the simulation study. n denotes sample size; T denotes total number of observations for each individual; GM denotes generative model. For GM 1 and GM 3, the model doesn’t include b_i1 and b_i3, so the corresponding entries in the table are left blank. The result is based on 1,000 replicates for each setting.

			${\sigma }_{b2}^2$		${\sigma }_{b3}^2$		${\sigma }_{b0}^2$		${\sigma }_{b1}^2$		${\sigma }_{ϵ}^2$
n	T	GM	bias	sd	bias	sd	bias	sd	bias	sd	bias	sd
		30	0.024	0.400	-	-	−0.008	1.137	-	-	−0.003	0.049
		50	0.013	0.300	-	-	−0.020	0.868	-	-	−0.002	0.035
1	10	100	0.017	0.210	-	-	−0.031	0.614	-	-	−0.001	0.024
		200	0.004	0.151	-	-	−0.021	0.431	-	-	−0.000	0.017
		30	0.012	0.319	-	-	−0.025	1.067	-	-	−0.003	0.032
		50	0.010	0.246	-	-	−0.026	0.822	-	-	−0.001	0.023
1	20	100	0.008	0.174	-	-	−0.041	0.579	-	-	−0.001	0.016
		200	0.004	0.126	-	-	−0.021	0.403	-	-	−0.000	0.011
		30	0.003	0.293	-	-	−0.036	1.036	-	-	−0.002	0.025
		50	0.001	0.232	-	-	−0.037	0.809	-	-	−0.001	0.018
1	30	100	0.008	0.163	-	-	−0.040	0.569	-	-	−0.001	0.013
		200	0.000	0.116	-	-	−0.023	0.399	-	-	−0.000	0.009
		30	0.047	0.498	−0.001	0.058	−0.003	1.238	−0.003	0.040	−0.003	0.048
		50	0.048	0.392	−0.005	0.046	−0.057	0.935	−0.004	0.033	−0.001	0.038
2	10	100	0.000	0.260	−0.003	0.033	−0.019	0.646	−0.001	0.022	0.000	0.027
		200	0.005	0.184	−0.003	0.021	−0.043	0.451	−0.001	0.015	−0.001	0.019
		30	0.009	0.367	−0.003	0.043	−0.029	1.094	−0.003	0.032	−0.000	0.031
		50	0.022	0.302	−0.003	0.033	−0.045	0.854	−0.002	0.025	0.000	0.025
2	20	100	0.002	0.200	−0.002	0.021	−0.016	0.597	−0.000	0.017	0.001	0.017
		200	−0.001	0.142	−0.001	0.015	−0.029	0.418	−0.001	0.012	−0.001	0.012
		30	0.001	0.334	−0.002	0.036	−0.045	1.065	−0.003	0.029	0.000	0.025
		50	0.012	0.268	−0.003	0.027	−0.049	0.826	−0.002	0.022	0.000	0.019
2	30	100	0.002	0.183	−0.001	0.019	−0.028	0.584	0.000	0.016	0.000	0.013
		200	−0.003	0.127	−0.001	0.013	−0.029	0.409	−0.001	0.011	−0.000	0.009
		30	0.126	0.434	-	-	−0.710	1.159	-	-	0.004	0.046
		50	0.105	0.329	-	-	−0.771	0.860	-	-	0.005	0.034
3	10	100	0.094	0.228	-	-	−0.810	0.604	-	-	0.005	0.025
		200	0.080	0.159	-	-	−0.796	0.429	-	-	0.006	0.018
		30	0.059	0.329	-	-	−0.380	1.056	-	-	0.000	0.029
		50	0.053	0.262	-	-	−0.428	0.800	-	-	0.001	0.023
3	20	100	0.040	0.174	-	-	−0.429	0.575	-	-	0.001	0.017
		200	0.038	0.125	-	-	−0.430	0.406	-	-	0.002	0.011
		30	0.040	0.304	-	-	−0.268	1.029	-	-	−0.000	0.024
		50	0.030	0.237	-	-	−0.296	0.782	-	-	−0.001	0.018
3	30	100	0.027	0.162	-	-	−0.306	0.569	-	-	0.000	0.013
		200	0.023	0.115	-	-	−0.299	0.395	-	-	0.001	0.009