Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients under GA and CS
| Variable name | Overall (n = 178) | GA (n = 139) | CS (n = 39) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | ||||
| Age, mean (SD), years | 60 (10) | 60 (10) | 60 (11) | 0.96 |
| Male sex | 150 (84.3) | 121 (87.1) | 29 (74.4) | 0.05 |
| Vascular risk factors | ||||
| Hypertension | 125 (70.2) | 99 (71.2) | 26 (66.7) | 0.58 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 50 (28.1) | 41 (29.5) | 9 (23.1) | 0.43 |
| Dyslipidemia | 29 (16.3) | 26 (18.7) | 3 (7.7) | 0.14 |
| Coronary heart disease | 21 (11.8) | 16 (11.5) | 5 (12.8) | 0.78 |
| Previous ischemic stroke | 36 (20.2) | 24 (17.3) | 12 (30.8) | 0.07 |
| Current smoking | 66 (37.1) | 52(37.4) | 14 (35.9) | 0.86 |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Mode of stroke onset | 0.08 | |||
| Acute | 88 (49.4) | 67 (48.2) | 21(53.8) | |
| Progressive | 82 (46.1) | 68 (48.9) | 14 (35.9) | |
| Fluctuating | 8 (4.5) | 4 (2.9) | 4 (10.3) | |
| Pre-procedural SBP, mean (SD),mmHg | 160(25) | 160(26) | 160 (24) | 0.86 |
| Post-procedural SBP, mean (SD),mmHg | 144 (21) | 143 (22) | 146 (19) | 0.57 |
| NIHSS score, median (IQR) | 20.5 (10–33) | 22 (11–35) | 16(6–30) | 0.04 |
| mRS before stroke, median (IQR) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.30 |
| WBCs, mean (SD), ×1 09 | 10.8 (3.8) | 11.0 (3.7) | 10.3 (4.0) | 0.29 |
| Blood glucose, mean (SD), mmol/L | 8.8 (3.5) | 8.6 (3.2) | 9.8 (4.4) | 0.05 |
| Creatinine, mean (SD), umol/L | 70.0 (21.7) | 71.5 (20.7) | 64.8 (24.7) | 0.10 |
| pc-ASPECTS on DWI, median (IQR) | 6 (5–8) | 7 (5–8) | 6 (4–8) | 0.81 |
| PMI on DWI, median (IQR) | 2 (0–4) | 2 (0.25–4) | 2 (0–3) | 0.58 |
| Occlusion site | 0.99 | |||
| Proximal BA | 100 (56.2) | 78 (56.1) | 22 (56.4) | |
| Middle BA | 51 (28.7) | 40 (28.8) | 11 (28.2) | |
| Distal BA | 27 (15.2) | 21 (15.1) | 6 (15.4) | |
| Tandem lesion | 24 (13.5) | 17 (12.2) | 7 (17.9) | 0.36 |
| Underlying ICAS | 111 (62.4) | 89 (64.0) | 22 (56.4) | 0.39 |
| ASITN/SIR collateral system | 0.68 | |||
| Grade 0–1 | 76 (42.7) | 61 (43.9) | 15 (38.5) | |
| Grade 2 | 81 (45.5) | 63 (45.3) | 18 (46.2) | |
| Grade 3–4 | 21 (11.8) | 15 (10.8) | 6 (15.4) | |
| Stroke subtype by TOAST criteria | 0.82 | |||
| Large artery arteriosclerosis | 143 (80.3) | 112 (80.6) | 31 (79.5) | |
| Cardioembolic | 28 (15.7) | 21 (15.1) | 7 (17.9) | |
| Other or unknown etiology | 7 (3.9) | 6 (4.3) | 1 (2.6) | |
| Procedural features | ||||
| Prior use of intravenous tPA | 35 (19.7) | 26 (18.7) | 9 (23.1) | 0.54 |
| Use of Solitaire retriever | 130 (73.0) | 110 (79.1) | 20 (51.3) | < 0.01 |
| No. of passes, median (IQR) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 0.44 |
| Intra-arterial tPA or Urokinase | 40(22.5) | 29 (20.9) | 11 (28.2) | 0.33 |
| Infusion of Tirofiban | 123 (69.1) | 102 (73.4) | 21 (53.8) | 0.02 |
| Heparinization | 76 (42.7) | 60 (43.2) | 16 (41.0) | 0.81 |
| Angioplasty | < 0.01 | |||
| No | 57 (32.0) | 36 (25.9) | 21 (53.8) | |
| Balloon alone | 31 (17.4) | 25 (18.0) | 6 (15.4) | |
| stenting | 90 (50.6) | 78 (56.1) | 12 (30.8) | |
| OTP, median (IQR), hours | 7 (5–10) | 7 (5–10) | 7 (5–13) | 0.71 |
| PTR, median (IQR), hours | 1(0.5–2) | 1(0.5–2) | 1(0.5–2) | 0.34 |
| Anesthesia time (IQR), hours | 1.5 (1–2) | 1.5 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 0.01 |
| Successful recanaliation (mTICI 2b-3) | 151 (84.8) | 118 (84.9) | 33 (84.6) | 0.97 |
Values are numbers with percentages in parentheses, unless indicated otherwise
GA indicates general anesthesia, CS conscious sedation, SD standard deviation, SBP systolic blood pressure, NIHSS National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, mRS modified Rankin Scale, WBC white blood cell, IQR interquartile range, pc-ASPECTS posterior circulation Acute Stroke Prognosis Early CT Score, DWI diffusion weighted imaging, PMI Pons-Midbrain Index, BA basilar artery, ICAS intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis, ASITN/SIR American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology, TOAST Trial of Org 10,172 in Acute Stroke Treatment, tPA tissue plasminogen activator, OTP onset-to-puncture time, PTR puncture to recanalization time, mTICI modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction scale