Table 3.
Association between bone mineral density, disease severity, and osteogenesis parameters in patients with urolithiasis
| T-score | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| > − 1.0 (n = 186) | − 1 to − 2.5 (n = 135) | < − 2.5 (n = 49) | ||
| Age (years) | 55.3 ± 14.6 | 57.8 ± 14.6 | 64.9 ± 12.4 | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.8 ± 5.1 | 23.5 ± 4.5 | 21.6 ± 2.5 | < 0.001 |
| Age of onset (years) | 44.9 ± 16.0 | 46.1 ± 17.1 | 54.3 ± 17.3 | 0.01 |
| Recurrence | 89 (54.3) | 65 (56.0) | 20 (45.5) | 0.48 |
| Previous history of urolithiasis | 113 (63.8) | 69 (56.1) | 34 (70.8) | 0.16 |
| Presence of symptoms during clinic visits | 9.3 ± 0.4 | 9.3 ± 0.4 | 9.3 ± 0.5 | 0.39 |
| Family history of stones | 13 (19.4) | 12 (32.4) | 1 (7.7) | 0.13 |
| DM | 24 (13.3) | 19 (15.0) | 7 (14.9) | 0.91 |
| HLP | 51 (28.5) | 32 (25.2) | 11 (23.4) | 0.70 |
| HTN | 56 (31.1) | 36 (28.3) | 17 (35.4) | 0.66 |
| PHP | 2 (1.2) | 4 (3.2) | 5 (11.1) | 0.004 |
| RTA | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.4) | 0.02 |
| Fluid recommendation | 149 (82.3) | 105 (82.7) | 41 (85.4) | 0.54 |
| Nutrition recommendation | 169 (93.4) | 119 (93.7) | 44 (91.7) | 0.66 |
| Bisphosphonate use | 1 (0.5) | 6 (4.4) | 15 (30.6) | < 0.001 |
| NaKCit use | 37 (20.7) | 31 (24.4) | 12 (26.1) | 0.63 |
| Thiazide use | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.2) | 0.04 |
| VitD supplementation | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.3) | 0.07 |
| Serum Ca (mg/dL) | 9.3 ± 0.4 | 9.3 ± 0.4 | 9.3 ± 0.5 | 0.39 |
| Serum P (mg/dL) | 3.2 ± 0.5 | 3.2 ± 0.6 | 3.4 ± 0.4 | 0.33 |
| Serum PTH (mg/dL) | 44.5 ± 21.4 | 47.2 ± 23.8 | 56.4 ± 26.3 | 0.21 |
| Urinary pH | 6.50 [6.00, 7.00] | 6.58 [6.00, 7.00] | 6.75 [6.12, 7.00] | 0.47 |
| Urinary volume (L/day) | 1.50 [1.03, 2.15] | 1.40 [1.10, 1.95] | 1.40 [1.13, 1.88] | 0.72 |
| Hypercalciuria | 13 (7.0) | 17 (12.6) | 2 (4.1) | 0.10 |
| Hyperphosphaturia | 23 (12.4) | 12 (8.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.03 |
| Hyperoxaluria | 56 (30.1) | 32 (23.7) | 10 (20.4) | 0.26 |
| Hypocitraturia | 92 (49.5) | 76 (56.3) | 35 (71.4) | 0.02 |
Values are presented as means ± SD, n (%), or medians [interquartile range]
Definitions of urine abnormalities: hypercalciuria ≥ 300 mg/day; hyperphosphaturia ≥ 3 g/day; hypernatriuria ≥ 5.8 g/day; hyperoxaluria ≥ 40 mg/day; hypocitraturia ≤ 320 mg/day
BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus, HLP, hyperlipidemia; HTN, hypertension, PHP, pseudohypoparathyroidism; RTA, renal tubular acidosis; VitD, vitamin D; SD, standard deviation, Ca, calcium, P, phosphorus, PTH, parathyroid hormone