Table 4.
Hazard ratios for incident lymphoid neoplasm and other cancer in malaria patients born in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)
| Population born in SSA, all registered periods of stay in Sweden from 1987 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malaria all sourcesa: periods after malaria diagnosis N = 1426; periods without malaria diagnosis N = 177,721 | Confirmed malariab: periods after malaria diagnosis N = 1165; periods without malaria diagnosis N = 177,721 | ||||||
| Lymphoid neoplasms in periods after malaria diagnosis, n | Lymphoid neoplasms in periods without malaria diagnosis, n | HR (95% CI) | adjHRc (95% CI) | Lymphoid neoplasms in periods after malaria diagnosis, n | HR (95% CI) | adjHRc (95% CI) | |
| All | 6 | 206 | 2.39 (1.06–5.40) | 2.33 (1.03–5.26) | 6 | 2.97 (1.32–6.70) | 2.88 (1.27–6.51) |
| Time spent in an endemic region | |||||||
| < 30 years | 3 | 101 | 2.19 (0.69–6.94) | 2.17 (0.68–6.90) | 3 | 2.75 (0.87–8.74) | 2.73 (0.86–8.70) |
| ≥ 30 years | 3 | 105 | 2.70 (0.85–8.51) | 2.51 (0.79–7.94) | 3 | 3.25 (1.03–10.28) | 3.01 (0.95–9.56) |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 4 | 125 | 2.02 (0.74–5.47) | 1.99 (0.73–5.41) | 4 | 2.48 (0.91–6.72) | 2.44 (0.90–6.63) |
| Female | 2 | 81 | 3.12 (0.77–12.75) | 3.36 (0.82–13.75) | 2 | 3.96 (0.97–16.15) | 4.31 (1.05–17.68) |
| Malaria all sourcesd: periods after malaria diagnosis N = 1419; periods without malaria diagnosis N = 177,611 | Confirmed malariae: periods after malaria diagnosis N = 1160; periods without malaria diagnosis N = 177,611 | ||||||
| Cancerf in periods after malaria diagnosis, n | Cancer in periods without malaria diagnosis, n | HR (95% CI) | adjHRc (95% CI) | Cancerf in periods after malaria diagnosis, n | HR (95% CI) | adjHRc (95% CI) | |
| All | 30 | 2376 | 1.01 (0.70–1.45) | 1.14 (0.79–1.63) | 22 | 0.92 (0.60–1.40) | 1.04 (0.68–1.59) |
CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio, adjHR adjusted hazard ratio, N total number, n number, SSA Sub-Saharan Africa
aPatients with malaria identified by all sources (Public Health Agency, microbiology and infectious disease departments, National Patient Register), without previous lymphoid neoplasms
bPatients with malaria identified by the Public Health Agency or microbiology and infectious disease departments, without previous lymphoid neoplasms
cAdjusted for sex and calendar period. Age as an underlying timescale in all analyses
dPatients with malaria identified by all sources (Public Health Agency, microbiology and infectious disease departments, National Patient Register), without previous cancer
ePatients with malaria identified by the Public Health Agency or microbiology and infectious disease departments, without previous cancer
fAll cancers except for non-melanoma skin cancers, leukaemia and lymphoma (ICD-7: 140-190, 192-199)