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The emerging role of BMP signaling during osteoclastogenesis and osteoblast-osteoclast coupling. Conditional knockout models and cell culture studies indicate a vital role of canonical and non-canonical BMP signaling in osteoclastogenesis. Several distinct BMP ligands, BMP receptors, BMP inhibitors and downstream mediators regulate osteoclast differentiation, fusion, and resorption activity as well as osteoblast-osteoclast coupling.
