Table 1.
Ingredient composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets (%, as fed basis).
| Diets (day 21–35) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Item | CON1 | MA1 | MAR1 | MAL1 |
| Ingredients, % | ||||
| Corn | 64.2 | 69.0 | 69.0 | 69.0 |
| Soybean meal 47% CP | 30.0 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.3 |
| Soybean oil | 2.10 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.25 |
| Sodium chloride | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 |
| Calcium carbonate | 1.06 | 1.22 | 1.22 | 1.22 |
| Dicalcium phosphate | 1.43 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| DL-Methionine | 0.31 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 |
| L-Lysine | 0.22 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.37 |
| Vitamin-mineral premix2 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 |
| Spirulina powder | – | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 |
| Rovabio Excel AP | – | – | 0.005 | – |
| Lysozyme | – | – | – | 0.01 |
| Nutrient content | ||||
| Energy, MJ ME/kg DM | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.1 |
| Crude protein, % | 20.5 | 21.1 | 21.1 | 21.0 |
| Crude fat, % | 6.10 | 6.10 | 6.00 | 6.10 |
| Ash, % | 5.60 | 5.50 | 5.40 | 5.40 |
| Calcium, % | 0.77 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.78 |
| Available phosphorus, % | 0.38 | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.42 |
| Sodium, % | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| Available lysine, % | 1.11 | 1.14 | 1.14 | 1.14 |
| Available methionine, % | 0.60 | 0.62 | 0.62 | 0.62 |
| Fatty acid profile, % total fatty acids | ||||
| 14:0 | 0.07 | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.20 |
| 16:0 | 12.9 | 19.5 | 19.4 | 20.5 |
| 16:1c9 | 0.09 | 1.32 | 1.29 | 1.41 |
| 17:0 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.12 |
| 18:0 | 2.56 | 2.23 | 2.18 | 2.37 |
| 18:1c9 | 23.7 | 19.5 | 20.6 | 20.7 |
| 18:c11 | 1.10 | 0.88 | 0.93 | 0.94 |
| 18:2n-6 | 52.4 | 43.1 | 45.3 | 43.2 |
| 18:3n-3 | 3.68 | 2.35 | 2.32 | 2.39 |
| 20:0 | 0.39 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.37 |
| 20:1c11 | 0.25 | 0.41 | 0.13 | 0.40 |
| 22:0 | 0.34 | 0.27 | 0.22 | 0.28 |
| 22:1n-9 | 0.11 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.24 |
| 24:0 | 0.23 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.14 |
| Diterpene profile, μg/g | ||||
| α-Tocopherol | 18.3 | 24.5 | 24.2 | 23.9 |
| α-Tocotrienol | 3.50 | 3.23 | 2.71 | 2.52 |
| γ-Tocopherol | 9.24 | 6.65 | 6.43 | 5.35 |
| γ-Tocotrienol | 6.89 | 5.32 | 4.80 | 5.07 |
| δ-Tocopherol | 1.75 | 0.80 | 0.82 | 0.83 |
| Pigments, μg/g | ||||
| β-Carotene | 0.48 | 26.5 | 28.1 | 31.5 |
| Chlorophyll a3 | 1.52 | 419 | 478 | 512 |
| Chlorophyll b4 | 2.42 | 21.9 | 24.9 | 28.7 |
| Total chlorophylls5 | 3.95 | 441 | 504 | 541 |
| Total carotenoids6 | 2.03 | 47.6 | 54.5 | 63.9 |
| Total chlorophylls and carotenoids7 | 5.98 | 489 | 558 | 605 |
CON: corn/soybean, in the control group; MA: 15% Spirulina; MAR: 15% Spirulina + 0.005% Robavio Excel AP; MAL: 15% Spirulina + 0.01% lysozyme.
Premix provided the following per kilogram of diet: pantothenic acid 10 mg, vitamin D3 2400 IU, cyanocobalamin 0.02 mg, folic acid 1 mg, vitamin K3 2 mg, nicotinic acid 25 mg, vitamin B6 2 mg, vitamin A 10,000 UI, vitamin B1 2 mg, vitamin E 30 mg, vitamin B2 4 mg, Cu 8 mg, Fe 50 mg, I 0.7 mg, Mn 60 mg, Se 0.18 mg, Zn 40 mg.
Ca: chlorophyll a = 11.24 × A662 nm − 2.04 × A645 nm.
Cb: chlorophyll b = 20.13 × A645 nm − 4.19 × A662 nm.
Ca + b: total chlorophylls = 7.05 × A662 nm + 18.09 × A645 nm.
Cx + c: total carotenoids = (1,000 × A470 nm − 1.90 × Ca - 63.14 × Cb)/214.
Ccc: total chlorophylls and carotenoids = (Ca + b) + (Cx + c).