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. 2020 Mar 6;99(5):2519–2532. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.11.069

Table 3.

Serum parameters of broilers.

Item CON1 MA1 MAR1 MAL1 SEM P value
Total lipids, mg/dL2 490a 588d 535b 556c 4.5 <0.001
Triacylglycerols, mg/dL 84.0a 142c 86.0a,b 90.9b 1.42 <0.001
Total cholesterol, mg/dL 128a 148b 157b,c 150c 2.2 <0.001
HDL-C, mg/dL 107 105 104 110 1.8 0.130
LDL-C, mg/dL 4.50a 14.1b 28.6c 29.3c 0.710 <0.001
VLDL-C, mg/dL 16.8a 28.4c 17.2a,b 18.2b 0.28 <0.001
Glucose, mg/dL 287b 265a 263a 273a,b 5.4 0.017
Urea, mg/dL 1.45a,b 1.10a 2.74c 1.68b 0.106 <0.001
Total protein, g/dL 2.73a 2.65a 3.11b 3.33c 0.032 <0.001
Creatinine, mg/dL 0.018b 0.006a 0.019b 0.005a 0.0010 <0.001
ALT, U/L 12.5 13.5 12.6 12.1 0.91 0.737
AST, U/L 255b 152a 585c 238b 15.9 <0.001
ALP, U/L 2,821c 1,760b 1,063a 2,956c 65.8 <0.001
γ-GT, U/L 15.5a,b 20.7c 13.7a 17.2b 0.84 <0.001
TAC, μM (Trolox equiv.) 460 399 465 432 26.7 0.288

a-dDifferent superscript lowercase letters within a row indicate a significant difference (P < 0.05).

Abbreviations: γ-GT, γ-glutamyltransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TAC, total antioxidant capacity; VLDL-C, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol = 1/5 triacylglycerols.

1

CON: corn/soybean, in the control group; MA: 15% Spirulina; MAR: 15% Spirulina + 0.005% Robavio Excel AP; MAL: 15% Spirulina + 0.01% lysozyme.

2

Total lipids = (total cholesterol) × 2 + (triacylglycerols) + 150.