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. 2020 Mar 10;99(5):2727–2735. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.038

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The intestinal mRNA levels of (A) antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase [GPX], NADPH oxidase [NOX], and superoxide-dismutase [SOD]), (B) proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]), (C) toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4), and (D) heat shock proteins (Hsp70, heat shock transcription factor [HSF]-1, and HSF3) on posthatch day 28 (day 0 of chronic heat stress [CHS]) in broiler chickens subjected to thermal manipulation (TM) during embryogenesis (n = 5). The values in the chart indicates folds of mRNA level in the control groups. *Mean ± standard deviation is significantly different compared to control (P < 0.05).