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. 2020 Mar 10;99(5):2727–2735. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.038

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© 2020 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Effect of chronic heat stress (CHS) (at 35°C) on the intestinal mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-6 (A), IL-8 (B), IL-1β (C), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (D), toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 (E), and TLR4 (F) in control and thermal manipulation (TM) broiler chickens (n = 5). The values in the chart indicate folds of mRNA level in the control group day 0. *Within same day, mean ± standard deviation (SD) of TM is significantly different compared to control (P < 0.05). ^#Within the control group, mean ± SD of day 1, 3, 5, or 7 is significantly different compared to day 0 (P < 0.05). ^$Within the TM group, mean ± SD of day 1, 3, 5, or 7 is significantly different compared to day 0 (P < 0.05).