. 2020 Mar 11;99(5):2581–2594. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.049

Table 6.

Effect of meat and bone meal, phytase, antibiotics, and necrotic enteritis on ileal morphology, day 16 post-hatch.

Effects	MBM	Phy	AB	Total height (μm)	Muscularis layer (μm)	Crypt depth (μm)	Villi height (μm)	Basal width (μm)	Apical width (μm)	Villi height: crypt depth	Apparent villi area (μm² × 10³)
Treatment means
1	−	500	−	751.1	202.8	272.9	275.4	47.50	38.89^b	1.022	12.15
2	−	1,500	−	842.0	226.5	250.6	365.0	45.52	33.65^c	1.799	14.50
3	−	500	+	749.2	195.7	254.5	299.0	47.54	37.00^b	1.187	12.79
4	−	1,500	+	726.1	247.8	254.5	223.7	44.27	37.73^b	0.878	9.39
5	+	500	−	758.7	218.7	294.0	245.9	40.06	28.75^c	0.877	8.78
6	+	1,500	−	849.8	228.2	285.8	335.8	49.63	38.30^b	1.192	14.59
7	+	500	+	752.8	216.2	227.4	309.1	46.41	41.80^a	1.372	13.77
8	+	1,500	+	783.3	266.5	248.2	268.5	42.05	34.81^b,c	1.163	10.95
2-way interactions
Phy*AB
		500	−	754.9	210.8	263.7	260.7^c	43.78	33.82	0.950	10.46^b
		500	+	751.0	206.0	260.7	304.0^b	46.98	39.40	1.279	13.28^a
		1,500	−	845.9	227.4	252.5	350.4^a	47.57	35.98	1.495	14.54^a
		1,500	+	754.7	257.2	267.0	246.1^d	43.16	36.27	1.021	10.17^c
Main effects
Phy		500		752.9	208.4^b	262.2	282.3	45.38	36.61	1.258	11.87
		1,500		800.3	242.3^a	259.8	298.3	45.37	36.12	1.114	12.36

AB			−	800.4	219.1	275.8^a	305.5	45.68	34.90	1.222	12.50
			+	752.8	231.6	246.2^b	275.1	45.07	37.83	1.150	11.73
P > f
MBM				0.529	0.338	0.675	0.976	0.528	0.710	0.741	0.904
Phy				0.122	0.026	0.860	0.598	0.996	0.841	0.501	0.752
AB				0.121	0.398	0.035	0.315	0.817	0.231	0.734	0.614
MBM × Phy				0.656	0.786	0.526	0.771	0.325	0.468	0.671	0.514
MBM × AB				0.707	0.716	0.107	0.348	0.999	0.449	0.157	0.347
Phy × AB				0.154	0.245	0.350	0.018	0.155	0.280	0.065	0.024
MBM × Phy × AB				0.659	0.833	0.904	0.776	0.235	0.025	0.510	0.641

^a,b,cMeans in the same column within the main effect, 2-way interaction or treatment means with different superscripts are different (P < 0.05).

2- or 3-way interaction separated by Tukey.

Abbreviations: AB, salinomycin 60 ppm in S, G, F; Zn bacitracin 100 ppm in S, G and 50 ppm in F; MBM, meat and bone meal; Phy, phytase (Quantum Blue 5G).