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. 2020 Apr 2;99(5):2662–2674. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.046

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© 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Poultry Science Association Inc.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Relative abundance of KEGG pathways of duodenal (A), jejunal (B), and ileal (C) microbiota in the control and heat-treated ducks. Only the KEGG pathways that were significantly affected in percentage by temperature are presented. P value was calculated based on the independent samples t-test. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant (*), whereas P < 0.01 was considered to be extremely statistically significant (**). CD and HD represent the duodenal content samples from the control ducks and heat-treated ducks, respectively. CJ and HJ represent the jejunal contents of the control group and heat-treated group, respectively. CI and HI were the samples of ileal contents from the control ducks and heat-treated ducks, respectively. Abbreviations: MAPK, mitogen-actived protein kinase; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor.