Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population comparing patients with non-dialysis CKD and ESKD
| Overall population | Patients with CKD | Patients with ESKD | P value* | |
| Patients (n) | 223 | 114 | 109 | |
| Age (years)† | 69.6 (62.8–74.3) | 71.0 (65.9–74.6) | 68.0 (59.0–74.0) | 0.055 |
| Gender (M/F) | 61.4%/38.6% | 61.4%/38.6% | 61.5%/38.5% | 0.992 |
| Indigenous population | 5.0% | 2.6% | 7.6% | 0.095 |
| Education (years) | ||||
| <12 | 53.1% | 53.5% | 52.8% | 0.999 |
| 12–13 | 8.1% | 7.9% | 8.3% | |
| 13–15 | 12.2% | 12.3% | 12.0% | |
| ≥16 | 26.6% | 26.3% | 26.9% | |
| Carer status (carer available) | 26.0% | 7.0% | 45.9% | <0.001 |
| Gross annual income | ||||
| <$A25 000 | 57.9% | 44.7% | 71.6% | 0.001 |
| $A25 000–$A50 000 | 29.2% | 40.3% | 17.4% | |
| $A50 000–$A75 000 | 7.2% | 7.9% | 6.4% | |
| >$A75 000 | 5.8% | 7.0% | 4.6% | |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Current smoker | 9.4% | 7.0% | 11.9% | 0.095 |
| Former smoker | 56.1% | 61.4% | 50.5% | |
| Non-smoker | 34.5% | 31.6% | 37.6% | |
| Cause of renal disease | ||||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 33.9% | 30.4% | 37.6% | 0.067 |
| Hypertension/vascular disease | 20.8% | 25.0% | 16.5% | |
| Polycystic kidney disease | 4.5% | 2.7% | 6.4% | |
| Glomerulonephritis | 15.4% | 11.6% | 19.3% | |
| Others/unknown aetiology | 25.3% | 30.3% | 20.2% | |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Diabetes | 42.8% | 38.9% | 46.8% | 0.237 |
| Hypertension | 90.5% | 88.5% | 92.6% | 0.299 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 38.0% | 23.9% | 52.8% | <0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 14.9% | 11.5% | 18.5% | 0.144 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 21.7% | 8.9% | 35.2% | <0.001 |
| Lung disease | 27.6% | 24.8% | 30.6% | 0.337 |
p values with a significance level <0.05 are shown in bold format.
*P value for difference estimated by Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables and by χ2 test for proportions.
†Median and IQR.
CKD, chronic kidney disease; ESKD, end-stage kidney disease; F, female; M, male.