Table 3.
Comparison of mean HLQ scores between patients with CKD and ESKD
| Domain and description | CKD population | ESKD Population | P value* | Cohen’s d† | ||
| Mean | 95% CI | Mean | 95% CI | |||
| HLQ1 Feel understood and supported by healthcare providers |
3.27 | 3.18 to 3.35 | 3.32 | 3.23 to 3.42 | 0.251 | 0.12 |
| HLQ2 Have sufficient information to manage my health |
2.98 | 2.90 to 3.06 | 3.10 | 3.00 to 3.20 | 0.061 | 0.26 |
| HLQ3 Actively managing health |
2.96 | 2.88 to 3.03 | 2.91 | 2.81 to 3.01 | 0.622 | −0.10 |
| HLQ4 Have social support for health |
3.12 | 3.05 to 3.20 | 3.22 | 3.10 to 3.24 | 0.205 | 0.19 |
| HLQ5 Appraise health information |
2.72 | 2.62 to 2.80 | 2.77 | 2.65 to 2.88 | 0.916 | 0.09 |
| HLQ6 Able to engage with healthcare providers |
4.18 | 4.10 to 4.26 | 4.13 | 4.02 to 4.25 | 0.964 | −0.09 |
| HLQ7 Navigating healthcare system |
4.08 | 3.99 to 4.17 | 4.02 | 3.90 to 4.13 | 0.613 | 0.12 |
| HLQ8 Ability to find good health information |
3.91 | 3.80 to 4.03 | 3.85 | 3.71 to 3.99 | 0.687 | −0.09 |
| HLQ9 Understand health information well enough to know what to do |
4.14 | 4.04 to 4.23 | 4.04 | 3.91 to 4.16 | 0.488 | −0.17 |
p values with a significance level <0.05 are shown in bold format
*P value for difference estimated by Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables and by χ2 test for proportions.
†Cohen’s d effect size for difference between scores of patients with ESKD and CKD.
CKD, chronic kidney disease; ESKD, end-stage kidney disease; HLQ, Health Literacy Questionnaire.