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Heterophil to lymphocyte (H:L) ratios. The H:L ratios in whole blood were calculated from (A) conventional cage (CC, dashed column) and (B) cage-free (CF) hens during early (white), peak (light gray), and late (dark gray) laying stages of production. Ratios were calculated by counting 100 immune cells per hen. Bars represent mean ± SEM from 20 hens. Statistical comparisons were calculated using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test for multiple comparisons between laying stages.
