Table 2.
Vaccines in clinical trials: Correct at 1st September 2020. See https://vac‐lshtm.shinyapps.io/ncov_vaccine_landscape/ for updates. Published data included where found: this may be an incomplete record
| Company/Organisation developing | Platform | Manufacturer/Sponsor Location | What antigen | Previous experience for other pathogens | Funding source (where public) | Vaccine available prediction | Clinical Trial stage | Reported Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arcturus | self‐amplifying RNA (saRNA)/LNP | Singapore | Pre‐fusion Spike | Influenza, Gene Therapy |
Phase I |
On company website: https://arcturusrx.com/ | ||
| BioNTech/Pfizer/Forsun |
Modified nucleoside mRNA LNP formulation |
Germany |
Spike Receptor binding domain (RBD) |
Phase I cancer vaccine |
Pfizer contract Forsun for China |
Early 2021 |
Phase I (China) Phase I (China) ChiCTR2000034825 Phase I/II (Germany, USA) Phase II/III (USA, Argentina, Brazil) |
Pre‐clinical (mice) [197] |
| CureVac | mRNA | Germany | Spike | Rabies, Lassa, Yellow Fever, RSV, Influenza | BMGF, CEPI, EU | Expects clinical tests by June |
Phase I |
On company website: https://www.curevac.com/en/ |
| Imperial College London/VacEquity Global Health | saRNA/LNP | UK | Stabilised Spike | EBOV; LASV, MARV, Inf (H7N9), RABV | UK government (MRC and NIHR) | June 2021 |
Phase I/II ISRCTN 17072692 |
Pre‐clinical (mice) [103] |
| Moderna | mRNA | USA | Stabilised Spike | MERS‐CoV, CMV, Zika, RSV, PIV3, RSV, Influenza | CEPI |
June 2021 Emergency for HCW 2020 |
Phase I NCT04283461 Phase II Phase III |
Pre‐clinical (mice) [195] Phase I trial [196] |
| People’s Liberation Army/Walvax | mRNA | China | Spike RBD | Meningococcus, HiB, Streptococcus pneumoniae | Phase 1 ChiCTR2000034112 | None published | ||
| Genexine | DNA | Korea | Spike | HPV |
Phase I |
None published | ||
| INOVIO | DNA | USA | Spike | MERS‐CoV, HPV, HIV, Ebola, Lassa | BMGF, CEPI, DoD |
Phase I (USA) Phase I/II (Korea) |
Pre‐clinical (mice) [185] Pre‐clinical (NHP) [186] Phase I trial on company website https://www.inovio.com/ |
|
| Osaka University/AnGes | DNA | Japan | Spike | Gene therapy | Unknown |
Phase I |
None published | |
| Zydus Cadila | DNA | India | Spike | Rabies, Flu, MMR, Tetanus | Early 2021 |
Phase I CTRI/2020/07/026352 |
On company website: https://zyduscadila.com/research | |
| CanSino Beijing Institute of Biotechnology | Adenovirus Type 5 Vector | China | Spike | Ebola | Unknown | 2021 |
Phase I ChiCTR2000030906 Phase II (China) Phase I/II (Canada) |
Phase I [166] Phase II [167] |
| Gamaleya Research Institute |
Adenovirus prime boost (Ad26 and then Ad5) |
Russia | Spike |
2021 Jan ‘Sputnik V’ |
Phase I Phase I (lyophilised) Phase III |
Phase I [171] | ||
| Janssen | Ad26 adenovirus vector | USA, Belgium | Spike | Ebola (Ad26.ZEBOV) | N/A |
Phase I/II (USA/Belgium) Phase I (Japan) Phase III (Multi‐site) NCT04505722 (not yet started) |
Pre‐clinical (NHP) [170] | |
| University of Oxford/AstraZeneca | Adenovirus: ChAdOx1 nCov‐19/AZD1222 | UK | Spike | MERS, influenza, TB, Chikungunya, Zika, MenB, plague | UK Government, CEPI, US Government | Early 2021 |
Phase I/II (UK) Phase I/II (South Africa +/‐ HIV) Phase II/III (UK) Phase II/III (Brazil) ISRCTN89951424 Phase III (USA) |
Pre‐clinical (mice/pigs) [162] Pre‐clinical (NHP) [163] Phase I/II [164] |
| Reithera | Simian Adenovirus | Italy | Spike | Gene delivery/Vectored vaccines | Italian Government |
Phase I 2020‐002835‐31 |
None published | |
| Institut Pasteur/Themis/Merck/University of Pittsburgh | Live attenuated recombinant measles vector | Austria/USA | Modified Spike | Chikungunya virus | CEPI |
Phase I |
None published | |
| Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy/Xiamen University | Influenza virus vector | China | Hepatitis E vaccine |
Phase I ChiCTR2000037782 |
None Published | |||
| Beijing institute of biological products/Wuhan institute of biological products/Sinopharm | Beta‐propiolactone inactivated virus | China | Whole virus | Dec 2020 |
Phase I/II (China) ChiCTR2000031809 Phase III (UAE) ChiCTR2000034780 Phase III (UAE, Bahrain) |
Phase I/II [150] | ||
| Bharat Biotech | Inactivated virus | India | Whole Virus | Indian Council of Medical Research |
Phase I/II (India) |
None Published | ||
| Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences | Inactivated virus | China | Whole Virus |
Phase I/II Phase I/II (Over 60s) |
None Published | |||
| Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems/National Scientific Center for Phthisiopulmonology of the Republic of Kazakhstan | Inactivated virus | Kazakhstan |
Phase I |
None Published | ||||
| Sinovac |
Beta‐propiolactone Inactivated Alum Adjuvant |
China | Whole inactivated virus adjuvanted Alum or CpG | Hand‐Foot and Mouth, Hepatitis A, Influenza | Ministry of science and technology, China | Late November 2020 |
Phase I/II (China) Phase I/II (China) Phase III (Brazil) Phase III (Indonesia) |
Phase I [149] |
| Adimmune | Protein (Baculovirus derived) +Alum adjuvant | Taiwan | Spike Receptor binding domain (RBD) | EV71, Influenza, Japanese Encephalitis Virus |
Phase I |
None published | ||
| Anhui Zhifei | Protein | China | RBD Dimer |
Phase I Phase II |
None published | |||
| Clover Australia and GSK |
Protein subunit S‐Trimer AS03 adjuvant |
Australia |
Trimeric SARS‐CoV‐2 S protein subunit AS03 Adjuvant |
Influenza | CEPI funding for phase I, adjuvant provided by GSK |
Phase I |
None published | |
| Covaxx/University of Nebraska Medical Center | Multi‐epitope peptide | Taiwan/USA | RBD peptide plus CTL pool from M, S2 and N |
Phase I |
None published` | |||
| Vector Institute | Peptide + Adjuvant (Alum) | Russia | Multiple epitopes |
Phase I |
None published | |||
| Instituto Finlay de Vacunas | Protein + Adjuvant | Cuba | Spike RBD |
Phase I IFV/COR/04 |
None published | |||
| Kentucky Bioprocessing | Protein + (Plant derived) | USA | Spike | Influenza |
Phase I |
None published | ||
| Medigen | Protein + CPG + Alum | USA | Spike |
Phase I |
None published | |||
| Sanofi/GSK | Protein + Adjuvant (AS03? + other) | France/USA | Spike | Multiple | Early 2021 |
Phase I/II |
None published | |
| University of Queensland/CSL | Protein + adjuvant (MF59) | Australia | Clamped Spike protein | Influenza, RSV |
Australian Government CEPI |
Early 2021 |
Phase I |
None published |
| Vaxine PTY | Protein + Adjuvant (Advax) | Australia | Spike | Influenza, JEV, West Nile |
Phase I |
None published | ||
| West China Hospital/Sichuan University | Protein (insect cell derived) | China | RBD |
Phase I |
None published | |||
| Novavax |
Recombinant nanoparticle vaccine (NVX‐CoV2373) Matrix M adjuvant |
USA | Spike | Previous vaccine phase I work for SARS, MERS and Ebola | CEPI | June 2021 |
Phase I |
Pre‐clinical (Mice/NHP) [129] Phase I [128] |
| Medicago | Protein VLP (Plant derived) + CpG + AS03 | Canadia | Spike |
Phase I |
None published | |||
| Avita | Dendritic cell vaccine +GMCSF | USA |
Phase I |
None published | ||||
| Shenzhen Geno‐Immune Medical Institute | Lentiviral transfected artificial APC (and DC) | China | S, M, E, N and P proteins | 2023/24 |
Phase I Phase I |
None published | ||
| Symvivo | Bifidobacterium longum vector, delivered orally | Canada | Spike |
Phase I |
None published |