Live Attenuated
|
Good track record |
Risk of reversion to pathogenic form |
Manufacturing capacity |
Slow to develop new versions |
|
Risk of infection in immunocompromised patients |
|
May require BSLIII to generate and test |
Inactivated vaccines
|
Fast to generate |
Need live virus and facility to grow large amounts |
Long track record |
Risk of vaccine‐enhanced disease |
Protein vaccines
|
Safe |
Potentially poorly immunogenic without adjuvant |
Including VLP
|
Very common platform |
Risk of wrong conformation |
|
Slow and more expensive manufacture |
Peptide
|
T cell response |
Risk of T cell enhanced disease |
|
Poorly immunogenic |
aAPC
|
T cell response |
Requires cell manufacture, issues of scale up |
|
Impractical |
Viral vectored vaccines
|
No need to grow live virus |
Pre‐existing anti‐vector immunity |
Fast to generate |
T cell focused response, lower antibody induction |
Safe track record |
Requires low temperature (‐80°C) storage |
|
Replicating vectors not suitable for immunocompromised patients |
DNA vaccines
|
Fast to generate |
Poor track record of immunogenicity in human trials |
Safe |
|
Thermostable |
|
mRNA vaccines
|
Fast to generate |
New platform: Not yet used in human efficacy study |
Translation in cytosol |
Unstable |
|
Needs formulation |
saRNA vaccines
|
Fast to generate |
New platform: Previously not been in human clinical trial |
Requires lower dose than mRNA |
Unstable |
Potential for mass production |
Needs formulation |