Table 2. Results of five models evaluating association between probability of being collected copulating rather than alone and trait size.

Fixed effects	β ± SE	Z	PZ
(A) Absolute size: males
Body (elytra)	−0.087 ± 0.166	−0.52	0.602
Lantern	−0.517 ± 1.371	−0.38	0.706
Eyes2	0.758 ± 0.827	0.92	0.360
Body × Lantern	0.029 ± 0.032	0.91	0.364
Body × Eyes2	−0.005 ± 0.053	−0.09	0.931
Lantern × Eyes2	−0.149 ± 0.392	−0.38	0.704
(B) Absolute size: females
Body (elytra)	−0.163 ± 0.278	−0.59	0.557
Lantern	−9.260 ± 7.539	−1.23	0.219
Eyes2	0.119 ± 0.929	0.13	0.898
Body × Lantern	0.355 ± 0.299	1.19	0.235
Body × Eyes2	−0.008 ± 0.046	−0.17	0.864
Lantern × Eyes2	0.036 ± 1.149	0.03	0.975
(C) Relative size: males
Body (elytra)	0.133 ± 0.316	0.42	0.673
Lantern	44.192 ± 98.546	0.45	0.654
Eyes2	62.479 ± 50.495	1.24	0.216
Body × Lantern	−0.540 ± 2.664	−0.20	0.839
Body × Eyes2	−0.663 ± 0.800	−0.83	0.408
Lantern × Eyes2	−349.314 ± 364.564	−0.96	0.338
(D) Relative size: body females
Body	0.189 ± 0.270	0.70	0.484
Lantern	12.014 ± 147.610	0.08	0.935
Eyes2	19.705 ± 23.523	0.84	0.402
Body × Lantern	−0.836 ± 5.693	−0.15	0.883
Body × Eyes2	−0.752 ± 0.804	−0.93	0.350
Lantern × Eyes2	−136.556 ± 312.171	−0.44	0.662
(E) Relative size: elytra females
Elytra	−0.102 ± 0.254	−0.402	0.688
Lantern	−51.635 ± 41.787	−1.24	0.217
Eyes2	−1.407 ± 5.306	−0.26	0.791
Body × Lantern	1.444 ± 1.486	0.97	0.331
Body × Eyes2	−0.092 ± 0.177	−0.2	0.605
Lantern × Eyes2	20.733 ± 20.471	1.013	0.311

Note:

Absolute trait size in males (A), females (B), trait size relative to body (elytra) size in males (C), trait size relative to body size in females (D), and trait size relative to elytra size in females (E) in the synchronous firefly Photinus palaciosi. Parameters from initial models are presented since backwards stepwise simplification resulted in removal of all explanatory variables in all models.