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. 2020 Mar 5;99(6):3215–3228. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.073

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© 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Poultry Science Association Inc.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Effects of cadmium chloride on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress of liver in laying hens. (A–E) ROS fluorescence intensity in the liver tissues (400 magnification). (A) Control (0.47 mg Cd/kg); (B) 7.58 mg Cd/kg; (C) 15.56 mg Cd/kg; (D) 30.55 mg Cd/kg; (E) 60.67 mg Cd/kg. (F) Densitometric analysis of dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence in each experimental group. (G, H) Method of 2^−ΔΔCt was applied for calculation of relative gene expression with β-actin as the endogenous control and the average ΔCt value of 0.47 μmol Cd group as the calibrator to normalize the signal. Values were expressed as mean ± SE (n = 6). ^a-cColumns with different superscript letters are significantly different (P < 0.05). Abbreviation: ROS, reactive oxygen species.