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. 2020 Apr 18;99(7):3312–3318. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.03.037

Table 1.

Stress Measures and Blood Data After 42 D of Growth in Male Broiler Chickens.

Measure Units CS AVI1 XPC2 Pooled SEM
Adrenal exhaustion test
 CORT after ACTH injection pg/mL 25,896.94 24,677.8 25,151.42 2,899.48
Acute stress
 CORT pg/mL 1,807.68a 1,156.58b 1,273.2b 172.15
 Serotonin ng/mL 8,512.31a 9,668.62a,b 11,392.95b 983.42
Chronic stress
 H/L Ratio 0.68a 0.5b 0.51b 0.053
 ASYM 1.44 1.13 1.05 0.17
Plasma chemistry
 Phosphorus mg/dL 6.72a 6.21b 6.55a,b 0.14
 Total Protein g/dL 3.47 3.42 3.35 0.14
 Calcium mg/dL 12.24 10.18 9.88 0.94
 Glucose mg/dL 268.67 262.92 270.17 5.65
 Uric Acid mg/dL 5.37 5.9 5.81 0.46
 Cholesterol mg/dL 136.42 139.25 138.55 5.01
 Potassium mEq/L 7.13 6.29 7.06 0.44
 Sodium mEq/L 150.58 152.83 151.17 0.95
 Chloride mEq/L 112.17 113.83 113.17 1.09
 Na/K Ratio 21.92 24.68 22.82 1.21
Growth and metabolism
 T3 ng/mL 0.79 0.79 0.78 0.003
 T4 μg/mL 0.01 0.01 0.01 0
GH ng/mL 0.63 0.71 1.02 0.2
 Prolactin ng/mL 52.98 67.74 59.09 6.55
 ALP U/L 2,641.92a,b 3,526.08a 2,243.83b 386.9
 AST U/L 479 498.5 426.27 50.02
Antioxidative capability
 CK U/L 31,657.83 30,196.33 32,346 2,918.74
 FRAP μM Fe2+ 76.38 74.1 77.42 4.3
 SOD Inhibition rate (%) 45.44 49.24 54.7 4.28
Cytokine production
 IL-1α pg/mL 174.25 211.08 179.09 25.42
 IL-1β pg/mL 974.87a 1,142.01b 975.58a 40.38
 IL-2 pg/mL 88.19 54.27 94.31 17.71
 IL-6 pg/mL 60.96 120.05 63.5 20.65
 IL-10 pg/mL 66.53 61.7 53.33 14.61
 IL-12 pg/mL 78.61 87.07 190.23 31.76
 TNF-α pg/mL 214.41 187.04 158.95 22.81

a,bValues with different superscripts within the same row indicate a significant difference at P < 0.05.

Abbreviations: ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ASYM, asymmetry score; CK, creatine kinase activity; CORT, corticosterone; CS, stressed control; FRAP, ferric-reducing antioxidant power; GH, growth hormone; H/L, heterophil/lymphocyte; IL, interleukin; Na/K, sodium/potassium ratio; SOD, superoxide dismutase activity; T3, total triiodothyronine; T4, total thyroxine; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.

1

Received XPC in the feed (1.25 kg/metric ton) day 0 to 42.

2

Received AviCare in the drinking water (160 mL/100L) day 0 to 42.