Table 1.

Main effects of treatment and trial, and the treatment × trial interaction on day 45 live body weight, and stress and welfare measures for broilers.¹

	Live body weight	Plasma CORT	H/L ratio	Hock burn	Foot pad dermatitis
Units	kg	pg/mL		0–4	0–4
Treatment × trial
WO1	2.59g	1272.72	0.95a	0.45	1.24
WS1	3.11a	1745.85	0.91a,b	0.69	1.47
WO2	3.05a,b	1284.11	0.25d	0.94	0.76
WS2	2.94d,e	2778.12	0.68b,c	0.24	0.48
WO3	2.70f	808.66	0.60c	0.32	0.81
WS3	2.88e	791.91	0.58c	0.26	0.60
WO4	3.03b,c	275.26	0.99a	0.42	1.32
WS4	2.96c,d	56.55	0.56c	0.43	1.13
WO5	2.70f	9211.80	0.27d	0.41	1.02
WS5	2.88e	10574.35	0.26d	0.55	1.34
Pooled SEM	0.01	407.22	0.03	0.01	0.03
P-value treatment × trial	<0.001	0.925	0.001
Main effect treatment
WO	2.81b	2570.51	0.62	0.51a	1.03
WS	2.96a	3189.36	0.60	0.42b	1.00
P-value treatment	<0.001	0.403	0.788	0.032	0.482
Main effect trial
1	2.85b	1509.28b	0.93a	0.57	1.35
2	2.99a	2031.11b	0.47c	0.59	0.62
3	2.79c	800.28b	0.59b,c	0.29	0.70
4	2.99a	165.90b	0.78a,b	0.42	1.23
5	2.79c	9893.08a	0.27d	0.48	1.18
P-value trial	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

^a–gValues within a column with different superscripts differ (P < 0.05).

Abbreviations: CORT, corticosterone; H/L, heterophil/lymphocyte; LED, light emitting diode.

¹Parameters include treatment (WO or WS) and trial (1–5) (e.g., WO1 indicates WO treatment in trial 1, and so on). Treatment WO indicates birds reared under white LED only, whereas WS treatment indicates birds reared under white LED light in the center aisle only and blue/green LED on either side of the barn, above the feed and water lines.