Table 2.
Eggshell thickness, cuticle opacity, and microbiological activity of different treatments.
| Treatment1 | Eggshell thickness (μm) | Cuticle opacity (%) |
Microbial flora (log CFUs/egg) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| day 0 | day 14 | day 0 | day 14 | ||
| CND | 184.6 ± 16.8a,b | 61.59 ± 10.74a,A | 31.37 ± 9.20a,B | 4.30 ± 0.47a,B | 7.81 ± 0.14a,A |
| CWD | 182.0 ± 16.3a,b | 54.26 ± 8.73b,A | 30.17 ± 9.61a,B | 4.36 ± 0.51a,B | 7.67 ± 0.15a,A |
| CSH | 185.4 ± 15.9a | 45.27 ± 11.53c,A | 25.42 ± 10.16b,B | 2.58 ± 1.50b,B | 7.78 ± 0.11a,A |
| AA2 | 174.7 ± 11.1a,b,c | 2.20 ± 1.90d | 1.55 ± 1.78c | 1.07 ± 1.39c,B | 7.89 ± 0.15a,A |
| AA4 | 165.6 ± 14.2c | 2.38 ± 1.18d,A | 1.18 ± 1.22c,B | 0.00 ± 0.00c,B | 1.54 ± 2.16b,A |
| V2 | 175.3 ± 14.1a,b,c | 2.60 ± 1.36d,A | 1.60 ± 1.51c,B | 0.48 ± 1.01c | 1.07 ± 1.48b |
| V4 | 166.2 ± 12.9c | 2.08 ± 1.49d | 1.72 ± 1.50c | 0.48 ± 1.01c | 0.53 ± 1.21b |
| CA2 | 170.7 ± 15.5b,c | 2.94 ± 1.65d,A | 1.72 ± 1.34c,B | 0.56 ± 1.19c | 1.61 ± 1.48b |
| CA4 | 162.9 ± 12.2c | 2.6 ± 1.12d | 1.93 ± 2.12c | 0.51 ± 1.08c | 0.00 ± 0.00b |
a–dMeans within a column that do not share a common superscript differ significantly (P < 0.05).
A,BMeans within a row of the same trait that do not share a common superscript differ significantly (P < 0.05).
1
Abbreviations: AA2, 2% acetic acid; AA4, 4% acetic acid; CA2, 2% citric acid; CA4, 4% citric acid; CND, unwashed control, nondipped; CSH, standard control, 0.13% sodium hypochlorite; CWD, water control, water dipped; V2, 44.4% vinegar; V4, 88.8% vinegar.