Table 3.

Relative quantification of the discriminatory urinary metabolites identified from the PLS-DA analysis of the ¹H-NMR spectra aging groups, based on the mean peak area of the ¹H NMR signals.

	Chemical Shift (ppm)	Changes
		SA vs. UA	SA vs. MCI	UA vs. MCI
3-hydroxyisovalerate	1.26	−	+ *	+ *
Acetate	1.93	+	+ *	+ *
Malate	2.73	+	+ *	+ *
Alanine	3.79	−	+ *	+ *
Caffeine	3.29	+	+ *	+ *
Kynurenine	4.14	−	+ *	+ *
Lactate	4.11	−	+ *	+ *
Hippurate	7.62	+	+	+ *
Tryptophan	7.18	+	+ *	+ *
Trigonelline	8.81	−	+ *	+ *
Succinate	2.40	+	+ *	+ *
Citrate	2.54	+ *	+ *	+
Hypotaurine	2.60	+ *	+ *	+ *
Taurine	2.69	+ *	+ *	+ *
Melatonin	2.93	+ *	+ *	+ *
Serotonin	3.11	+ *	+ *	+

* p < 0.05 with Student’s t-test. +/− indicates urinary metabolites greater or lower in each group.