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. 2020 Sep 23;11(10):1113. doi: 10.3390/genes11101113

Figure 3.

Figure 3

RNA-guided gene-editing tools. (A) An engineered 100 nucleotide sgRNA complexes with the Cas9 protein and directs it to a specific 20 nucleotide target sequence adjacent to the 5′ end of the PAM sequence. The 20 nucleotides of the sgRNA base-pair with the target strand, which positions the RuvC and HNH nuclease domains in the correct location to generate a DSB at the target site. (B) Mechanisms of Cas9 base editors for gene editing. The Cas9 nickase fused to a deaminase, deaminates a targeted adenosine (A) or cytosine (C) base converting it to inosine (I) or uracil (U). DNA polymerases read I as G and U as T and introduce the desired base pair to the sequence. This figure has been adapted from [6].