Table 4.

Estimated costs Costs_c of using probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics in broilers (€/year) and public health benefits PHB_c (€ per avoided DALY) as function of efficacy EF_c of probiotics to control on-farm Campylobacter infections in broilers in Denmark, the Netherlands, Poland, and Spain, assuming moderate or high performance enhancing effects of probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics.

c (Country)	Costsc (€/year)1	Efficacy EFc of probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics use in broilers
		0.01	0.10	0.20	0.30	0.40	0.50	0.60	0.70	0.80	0.90	1.00
		Public health benefits PHBc (avoided DALY/year)
High-performance enhancing effects
Denmark	−1,983,545	1	12	24	36	47	59	71	83	95	107	119
The Netherlands	−1,787,914	1	5	10	16	21	26	31	36	42	47	52
Poland	−784,587	9	95	190	285	380	475	570	665	760	855	950
Spain	−586,092	3	31	63	94	125	157	188	220	251	282	314
Moderate-performance–enhancing effects
Denmark	−864,477	1	12	24	36	47	59	71	83	95	107	119
The Netherlands	−5,566	1	5	10	16	21	26	31	36	42	47	52
Poland	−3,745	9	95	190	285	380	475	570	665	760	855	950
Spain	140,627	3	31	63	94	125	157	188	220	251	282	314

Abbreviations: DALY, disability-adjusted life year; EF_c, efficacy of probiotics use to control the risk of Campylobacter infections in broilers compared with the situation without probiotics use in country c; PHB_c,annual public health benefits due to implementation of probiotics use on all broiler farms in country c.

¹Negative Costs_c indicate net gains, that is that the gains due to the performance enhancing effects exceed the costs of purchase and administering probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics.