Figure 5. Kinetics of innate immune cell subsets during H1N1 infection.

(A) Relative abundances of total (first and third panels) and activated (CD38⁺Ki67⁺, second and fourth panels) populations of CD56⁺CD16^– NK cells and CD56^loCD16⁺ NK cells. (B) Relative abundances of pDCs, CD1c⁺ myeloid DCs (mDCs), and BDCA3⁺ mDCs. (C) Relative abundances of classical monocytes (cMCs; CD14⁺CD16^–), intermediate monocytes (intMCs; CD14⁺CD16⁺), and nonclassical monocytes (ncMCs; CD14^–CD16⁺). (D) Relative abundances of CD66⁺ cells and CD123⁺HLA-DR^– cells. (E and F) Biaxial plots of CD38 and Ki67 expression on CD56^loCD16⁺ NK cells (E) and CD14 and CD16 expression on monocytes (F) on days 1–8 and 29. Plots for 1 representative virus shedder are shown. In B–E, values plotted are relative abundance (percentage of CD66^– cells normalized to baseline [average of day –1, 1]) (mean ± SEM); data for virus shedders are indicated by filled squares and solid lines, and data for nonshedders are indicated with open squares and dashed lines. (A–F) n = 35 volunteers. Bonferroni’s adjusted P value of the time-shedding interaction term. For plots of additional gated cell populations, see Supplemental Figure 6.