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. 2020 Jun 16;99(10):4653–4661. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.007

Table 3.

Effect of stocking density and alpha-lipoic acid on the percentage of behaviors of the broilers.

Items NSD1 HSD1 HSD + ALA1 P value
Eating 20.37 ± 1.14b 19.72 ± 0.72a 19.23 ± 0.78a 0.023
Drinking 4.78 ± 0.12a 6.32 ± 0.46b 6.34 ± 0.59b 0.031
Standing 24.10 ± 0.36a 26.11 ± 0.77b 24.32 ± 1.12a 0.013
Walking 6.11 ± 0.43b 4.40 ± 0.44a 3.97 ± 0.21a 0.043
Preening 0.86 ± 0.11b 0.54 ± 0.07a 0.62 ± 0.09a 0.022
Stretching 0.35 ± 0.08b 0.23 ± 0.03a 0.30 ± 0.04b 0.019
Sitting 41.44 ± 0.68a 44.70 ± 1.61b 46.34 ± 0.08b 0.011

a,bMeans within the same row without similar superscripts are significantly different (P < 0.05). Data are presented as mean ± SE of 6 replicates.

1

NSD: normal stocking density; HSD: high stocking density; HSD + ALA: high stocking density + alpha-lipoic acid.