Table 1.
Ingredient and nutrient compositions of the basal diets.
| Ingredients, % | Starter diet | Finisher diet |
|---|---|---|
| Corn | 51.169 | 56.559 |
| Soybean meal | 35.835 | 31.400 |
| Wheat flour | 5.000 | 3.219 |
| Soy oil1 | 4.000 | 5.500 |
| Limestone | 1.348 | 0.581 |
| Dicalcium phosphate | 1.248 | 1.533 |
| Salt | 0.300 | 0.300 |
| L-Lysine (78%) | 0.356 | 0.170 |
| DL-Methionine (98%) | 0.215 | 0.208 |
| Choline chloride (50%) | 0.150 | 0.150 |
| Mineral premix2 | 0.200 | 0.200 |
| Enzyme blend3 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
| Vitamin premix4 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
| Phytase (5,000 FTU/kg) | 0.020 | 0.020 |
| Additive of Exp5 | 0.100 | 0.100 |
| Nutrient composition, % | ||
| ME (kcal/kg) | 3,000 | 3,150 |
| CP, % | 21.50 | 19.50 |
| Lysine, % | 1.41 | 1.16 |
| Methionine, % | 0.53 | 0.50 |
| Methionine + Cysteine, % | 0.85 | 0.80 |
| Calcium, % | 1.00 | 0.79 |
| Available phosphorus, % | 0.35 | 0.39 |
The same percentage of soybean oil was used in different treatment groups. The control group (Ctr) was fed with fresh soybean oil, the Ox group was fed with oxidized oil, and the OxL, OxM, and OxH groups were fed with oxidized oil and different concentrations of quercetin. Ox: basal diet with oxidized oil; OxL: basal diet supplemented with oxidized oil and 200 ppm of quercetin; OxM: basal diet supplemented with oxidized oil and 400 ppm of quercetin; OxH: basal diet supplemented with oxidized oil and 800 ppm of quercetin.
The mineral premix provided per kg diet: CuSO4·5H2O, 8 mg; FeSO4, 80 mg; MnSO4·H2O, 100 mg; Na2SeO3, 0.15 mg; KI, 0.35 mg.
The enzyme provided per kg diet: xylanase, ≥2,250 viscosity unit; β-dextranase, ≥52 AGL U/g.
The vitamin premix provided per kg diet: vitamin A, 9,500 IU; vitamin D3, 62.5 μg; vitamin E, 300 IU; vitamin K3, 2.65 mg; vitamin B6, 6 mg; vitamin B12, 0.025 mg; biotin, 0.0325 mg; folic acid, 1.25 mg; pantothenic acid, 12 mg; nicotinic acid, 50 mg.
The control group was fed with the basal diet containing 0.100% zeolite powder as the additive of Exp. The other groups were fed with the basal diet supplemented with 200 ppm, 400 ppm, and 800 ppm of quercetin and 800 ppm, 600 ppm, and 200 ppm of zeolite powder as the carrier separately to make 0.100% additive of Exp.