Table 6.
Effect of vitamin K supplementation on arterial stiffness outcomes.
| Author, Analysis Type | Follow-up Period (mos) | Study Arms | Number of Patients Randomized (n) | Number Lost to Follow-up (n) | Number Included in Final Analysis (n) | Outcome Metric | Location of Measurement | Outcome Measurements | p Value of Treatment Effect | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | End of Follow Up |
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| Fulton, ITT with adjusted baseline [15] | 6 | MK-7 100 µg daily |
40 | 2 | 38 | PWV (m/s) ± SD | Carotid-Radial PWV (crPWV) | 9.7 ± 2.1 | 9.9 ± 1.4 | 0.15 |
| Placebo | 40 | 1 | 39 | 10.7 ± 2.3 | 10.9 ± 3.0 | |||||
| Knapen [16] | 36 | MK-7 180 µg daily |
120 | 9 | 111 | Mean change in Stiffness Index β ± SD | Carotid Artery | 11.4 ± 3.1 | −0.67 ± 2.78 | 0.018 |
| Placebo | 124 | 12 | 112 | 11.3 ± 4.5 | 0.15 ± 2.51 | |||||
| MK-7 180 µg daily |
120 | 9 | 111 | Mean change in PWV (m/s) ± SD | Carotid-Femoral PWV (cfPWV) |
9.9 ± 1.9 | −0.36 ± 1.48 | 0.040 | ||
| Placebo | 124 | 12 | 112 | 9.7 ± 1.7 | +0.021 ± 1.22 | |||||
| MK-7 180 µg daily |
120 | 9 | 111 | Mean change in PWV (m/s) ± SD | Carotid-radial PWV (crPWV) | 10.2 ± 1.4 | −0.44 ± 1.42 | 0.073 | ||
| Placebo | 124 | 12 | 112 | 10.1 ± 1.4 | −0.091 ± 1.51 | |||||
| MK-7 180 µg daily |
120 | 9 | 111 | Mean change in PWV (m/s) ± SD | Local carotid PWV (cPWV) |
8.2 ± 1.2 | −0.37 ± 1.15 | 0.19 | ||
| Placebo | 124 | 12 | 112 | 8.1 ± 1.6 | −0.19 ± 1.04 | |||||
| De Vriese [14] | 18 | Warfarin (target INR 2–3) | 44 | 27 | 44 | PWV (IQR) (m/s) | Carotid-Femoral PWV (cfPWV) |
12.7 (10.4–14.2) |
NR | 0.56 |
| Rivaroxaban 10 mg daily |
46 | 22 | 46 | 14.6 (12.1–16.1) |
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| Rivaroxaban 10 mg daily plus MK-7 2 mg thrice weekly |
41 | 20 | 42 | 13.1 (10.6–15.6) |
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PWV—pulse wave velocity.