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. 2020 Sep 23;12(10):2909. doi: 10.3390/nu12102909

Table 6.

Effect of vitamin K supplementation on arterial stiffness outcomes.

Author, Analysis Type Follow-up Period (mos) Study Arms Number of Patients Randomized (n) Number Lost to Follow-up (n) Number Included in Final Analysis (n) Outcome Metric Location of Measurement Outcome Measurements p Value of Treatment Effect
Baseline End of
Follow Up
Fulton, ITT with adjusted baseline [15] 6 MK-7
100 µg daily
40 2 38 PWV (m/s) ± SD Carotid-Radial PWV (crPWV) 9.7 ± 2.1 9.9 ± 1.4 0.15
Placebo 40 1 39 10.7 ± 2.3 10.9 ± 3.0
Knapen [16] 36 MK-7
180 µg daily
120 9 111 Mean change in Stiffness Index β ± SD Carotid Artery 11.4 ± 3.1 −0.67 ± 2.78 0.018
Placebo 124 12 112 11.3 ± 4.5 0.15 ± 2.51
MK-7
180 µg daily
120 9 111 Mean change in PWV (m/s) ± SD Carotid-Femoral
PWV (cfPWV)
9.9 ± 1.9 −0.36 ± 1.48 0.040
Placebo 124 12 112 9.7 ± 1.7 +0.021 ± 1.22
MK-7
180 µg daily
120 9 111 Mean change in PWV (m/s) ± SD Carotid-radial PWV (crPWV) 10.2 ± 1.4 −0.44 ± 1.42 0.073
Placebo 124 12 112 10.1 ± 1.4 −0.091 ± 1.51
MK-7
180 µg daily
120 9 111 Mean change in PWV (m/s) ± SD Local carotid
PWV (cPWV)
8.2 ± 1.2 −0.37 ± 1.15 0.19
Placebo 124 12 112 8.1 ± 1.6 −0.19 ± 1.04
De Vriese [14] 18 Warfarin (target INR 2–3) 44 27 44 PWV (IQR) (m/s) Carotid-Femoral
PWV (cfPWV)
12.7
(10.4–14.2)
NR 0.56
Rivaroxaban
10 mg daily
46 22 46 14.6
(12.1–16.1)
Rivaroxaban
10 mg daily plus MK-7
2 mg thrice weekly
41 20 42 13.1
(10.6–15.6)

PWV—pulse wave velocity.